**5. Methane mitigation strategies**

The necessity to implement abatement strategies for enteric GHG emissions has been expanded in conjunction with the increase in the population and food demand. There are two concerns over methane emissions by livestock ruminants. First, the release of methane is considered a loss of energy for the animal, resulting in a decrease in animal productivity between 2 and 12%. Second, the calorific potential of methane released has a negative impact on climate change. There are several publications on strategies to reduce methane production [49–52]. The main target of these strategies is on methanogenic archaea by decreasing their substrate availability either directly or indirectly. Overall, abatement strategies include mechanisms such as modifications in dietary composition, and/or by supplementation of diet with chemical inhibitors, lipids or plant compounds, some of these strategies are shown in **Figure 2**.
