*3.1.1.4. National and provincial disaster management authorities (NDMA, PDMAs)*

**Figure 5.** Tsunami warning SoPs, Source; Report developed by NS&TEWC, PMD, 2010.

system basic building blocks have been shown in **Figure 6**.

142 Tsunami

Through this arrangement, the system installed in a community can be directly activated from PMD Karachi office, using a satellite link. Technically, the warning information received to PMD (about a possible tsunami) will be sent to INMARSAT ground station through TCP/IP link. The information received to INMARSAT ground station then is sent to INMARSAT satellite pointing to area that activates the mass notification systems at Pasni and Gwadar. The

NDMA and PDMAs also have SOPs to further disseminate information to a limited number of recipients including media. The NDMA and PDMAs are responsible for communicating the alerts to national and provincial response organizations via press release, emails, phone, faxes, and GSM networks (available list of contacts) and through involving electronic media.

However, it must be noted that because media is more interested in "big news" than in disseminating an early warning, which results in panic. The media, therefore, lacks under‐ standing and training on handling such information in a more appropriate manner.

## **3.2. Emergency responders**
