1.3.2. Canopy layer

The canopy is the main layer of tropical rainforest ecosystems, which is thick and dense like an umbrella. This layer is composed of a variety of vegetation structures and tree species composition such as philodendron, strychnos toxifera, rattan palms, etc. The trees may grow up to 18.29—27.42 m above the forest floor. Epiphytes such as orchids, mosses, ferns, and lichens are a common feature of this layer, which grow on tree trunks and branches. The canopy layer is rich in food diversity and an ideal habitat for a wide range of fauna species such as birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and diversity of insect species. The members of fauna species are often observed flying, jumping, gliding, and hoping for canopy gaps.
