**Author details**

Patrycja Łydżba\* and Janusz Jacak

\*Address all correspondence to: patrycja.lydzba@pwr.edu.pl

Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland

#### **References**


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**5. Concluding remarks**

26 Recent Advances in Graphene Research

Hall structures.

**Acknowledgements**

**Author details**

Patrycja Łydżba\*

**References**

Technology, Wrocław, Poland

In conclusion, the topological approach to quantum Hall effects is based on a concept of braid groups and their reduction stimulated by an external magnetic field (in 2D spaces). This model can be used to derive hierarchies of FQHE fillings for various two-dimensional structures (including multi-layers), which fit perfectly to the experimental findings. Additionally, it can be used to explain many issues that are believed to be mysterious—the puzzles of quantum

Support from the NCN Project UMO-2011/02/A/ST3/00116 is acknowledged.

Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and

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\*Address all correspondence to: patrycja.lydzba@pwr.edu.pl


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