**3. Metal biomolecule frameworks (BioMOFs)**

Biomolecules are naturally andabundantly available. They are cost‐effective, rigid, andflexible with different coordination sites, rendering structurally diverse, biologically compatible MOFs. MOFs have also been synthesized from nontoxic endogenous cations (such as Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn) and ligands consisting of naturally occurring derivatives or biomolecules [17]. These BioMOFs are usually biocompatible and suitable for biomedical applications [17–47]. Such combinations of natural ligands with endogenous cations are also associated with several therapeutic effects (anti‐allergic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic activi‐ ties). **Table 2** shows some examples of BioMOFs and their applications [18–47]. Such biologi‐ cally and environmentally compatible MOFs are designed and constructed based on specific composition criteria governed by judiciously selecting metal ions and organic linkers as building blocks, which are nontoxic and biologically and environmentally compatible. Biomolecules such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleobases, carbohydrates, and other natural products such as cyclodextrins, porphines, and some carboxylic acids (**Figure 5**) serve as emerging building blocks for the design and construction of metal‐biomolecule frame‐ works with novel and interesting properties and applications that cannot be obtained through the use of traditional organic linkers [17, 43, 44, 48, 49].


Introductory Chapter: Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64797


**3. Metal biomolecule frameworks (BioMOFs)**

the use of traditional organic linkers [17, 43, 44, 48, 49].

[Ni7(suc)6(OH)<sup>2</sup> (H2O)2·2H2O

(H2O)3]·7H2O

[Mn3(HCOO)6] ·(CH3OH) ·(H2O)

Mn(HCOO)2·1/3 (C4H8O2)

(CO2CH3)]·4.5MeOH

[Ni2O(L‐Asp) H2O]·4H2O

Zn2(bdc) (L‐lac)(DMF)

Reversible H2O sorption/desorption

8 Metal-Organic Frameworks

Sorption of more than 30 kinds of guests (e.g. DMF, benzene,etc.); structural change

Selective CO<sup>2</sup> and H2 sorption

1,3‐Butanediol sorption

Enantioselective separation and catalytic

– [Ni7(suc)4(OH)<sup>6</sup>

Adsorption Fe3O(MeOH)3(fum)3

Biomolecules are naturally andabundantly available. They are cost‐effective, rigid, andflexible with different coordination sites, rendering structurally diverse, biologically compatible MOFs. MOFs have also been synthesized from nontoxic endogenous cations (such as Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn) and ligands consisting of naturally occurring derivatives or biomolecules [17]. These BioMOFs are usually biocompatible and suitable for biomedical applications [17–47]. Such combinations of natural ligands with endogenous cations are also associated with several therapeutic effects (anti‐allergic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic activi‐ ties). **Table 2** shows some examples of BioMOFs and their applications [18–47]. Such biologi‐ cally and environmentally compatible MOFs are designed and constructed based on specific composition criteria governed by judiciously selecting metal ions and organic linkers as building blocks, which are nontoxic and biologically and environmentally compatible. Biomolecules such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleobases, carbohydrates, and other natural products such as cyclodextrins, porphines, and some carboxylic acids (**Figure 5**) serve as emerging building blocks for the design and construction of metal‐biomolecule frame‐ works with novel and interesting properties and applications that cannot be obtained through

**Aplication BioMOF Metal Ligand Year AuthorRf** Ar and CH4 sorption [Cu(trans‐fum)] Cu Fum:Fumaric acid 2001 K. Seki et al

> Ni Suc: Succinic acid

Mn Formic acid

Zn bdc: 1,4‐

Ni Amino acid L‐Asp:L‐ aspartic acid

> benzendicarboxylic acid and L‐ lac:Lactic acid

Ni Suc 2003 Guillou et al.

Mn Formic acid 2004 Wang et al.

Fe Fum 2004 Serre et al.

[18]

2002 Forster et al. [19]

[20]

[21]

2004 Dybtsev et al. [22]

[23]

2004 Anokhina et al. [24]

2006 Dybtsev et al. [25]


#### Introductory Chapter: Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64797 11


**Table 2.** Some examples of BioMOFs and their applications.

**Aplication BioMOF Metal Ligand Year AuthorRf**

Zn and lanthanide

Fe, Mn, Co and Ni

K, Rb and Cs

– MIL‐151 to ‐154 Zr H4gal 2014 Cooper et al.

Inclusion and CD‐MOF‐1 Na β‐CD: 2015 Lu et al.

Bio‐MOF‐100 Zn Ade 2012 Jihyun An

acid

Mg(H4gal) Mg H4gal 2015 Cooper et al.

eightR‐1,4‐ linkedD‐ glucopyranosyl (R‐1,4‐D‐Glup)

CD‐MOF‐2 Rb γ‐CD 2011 Jeremiah J.

H4gal: gallic acid

R‐cyclodextrin (R‐CD), comprised of sixR‐1,4‐ D‐Glupresidues portrayed in their stable 4C1 conformations Gassensmith et al.

[35]

[36]

2011 Saines et al. [37]

2012 Gassensmith et al. [38]

[39]

[41]

[43]

2014 Tamames‐Tabar et al. [42]

et al. [40]

Ade and bpdc 2011 An et al.

γ‐CD 2012 Forgan et al.

4‐phenylazoplenol,etc.) composed of

Zn8(Ade)4(bpdc)6· O·2Me2NH2] loaded with lanthanide cations( Tb(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Yb(III))

Gallates

Porous α‐CD‐MCF Rb α‐CD

and CD‐MOF‐2 CD‐MOF‐3

Antibacterial BioMIL‐5 Zn AzA: azelaic

Highly selective adsorption of CO<sup>2</sup>

10 Metal-Organic Frameworks

Photostable O<sup>2</sup> sensor

– M(II/III)

Adsorption CD‐MOF‐1

Drug storage and release or for the immobilization and organization of large biomolecules

Antioxidant carrier

**Figure 5.** Examples of organic linkers used for the synthesis of BioMOFs.
