Stagno d'Alcontres Francesco

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64133

### **Abstract**

Critical wounds are well known to develop in elderly people and in other conditions where inflammation, vascular, and nervous disease lead to chronical inefficiency in running up healing processes. Recent researches have been focusing on microenviron‐ ment, and specific technologies have contributed to design and produce new materials (the era of biomaterials and devices in wound healing).

At present, regenerative medicine and surgery have introduced a new approach, based on cells' transplantation producing specific cytokines and stimulating healing. This is the role played by fat transplantation combining both stromal and vascular cellular progenitor lines, monocyte products, platelet‐rich plasma, and glues.

New tools, such as templates and materials (comprising micro‐ and nanoparticles), as well as technologies, such as cell seeding and gene therapy, revealed promising in this direction. The authors report their experimental evidences and clinical experiences with lipografting and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in critical wounds, focusing on how to treat monocyte/macrophage cell depletion as well as insufficient vascular supply.

**Keywords:** adipose‐derived stem cells, angiogenesis, difficult wounds, lipografting, monocytes, vascular supply
