**4. Vehicle safety standards**

else the events like the several natural disasters. Otherwise, if the reasons are not specified or estimated for the collisions, the new methodologies must be evaluated to diminish the odds

Considering the vehicle, which is not a UAV, can be also investigated for the safety of the pedestrians, occupants, regular vehicles, and the autonomous vehicles. The idea of preventive driving technique or expert skills will come into the minds for the human driver. Initially, validity of this opinion could be reasonable with the existence of the natural aptitude alongside the education of the preventive driving. Although the careful driving is very important, the reflex of a human body is a prominent factor of the innate talent effecting throughout the trip. Sometimes, this gained time in milliseconds can save lives when the human body reacts against an unexpected incident. Reflexes can be improved with the help of the practice, while we can

Otherwise, if the reflex response is not satisfying the sudden handling situations, preventive driving education avails to avert the collisions during or before the accidents. This education covers primarily the calm driving in contrast with the aggressive and fast driving, refraining from the instantaneous movements of the steering wheel conducts the vehicle, sudden acceleration and decelerations in particular in tough weather and environmental conditions. To ensure a safe trip, an admissible space between the vehicles is a necessary approach to acquiring an enough time along the duration of the collision. Subsequently, scanning all around the vehicle with eyes and computerized systems for every single threat is the key factor for a reliable trip, like a radar system to perceive the risky ventures which could be possibly

Afterward, the driver will face with the most critical phase: *Decision*! And the worst scenario is *Uncertainty* as an opposite situation signifying that "the worst decision is better than a

**•** Manage to do both of the selected ones or more, simultaneously or consecutively.

hesitant behaviour." If we consider the options for the decision:

of failures for both humans and the vehicles.

64 Autonomous Vehicle

assume this, as a learned or educated reflex.

induced by anything else.

**•** Deceleration,

**•** Suddenly stop,

**•** Acceleration,

**•** Return,

**•** U turn,

**•** Slide,

**•** Skid,

**•** Drift,

**•** Changing lanes,

**•** Pull over,

When we talk about the Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles, it comprises the ground, aerospace, and even the naval vehicles. If we try to clarify the safety standards for all conditions, it will be in the detail redundantly. Ordinarily when the crash-worthiness and accidents are on the carpet, extensively known portrayal is covering the automobiles followed up by the aircrafts and the other vehicles.

For determining the vehicle safety standards of the automobiles, some major organizations take place in the decisive position in the industry and the market. However, the most important role in framing the ideology of the crash testing is in the hands of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations (FMVSS) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Admin‐ istration (NHTSA) in the USA as one of the leading countries for the vehicle safety. In the NHTSA internet site [16] of the US Department of Transportation for the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations, safety assurance defined in four major topics given below:


It is very important to point out, especially the contents of the crashworthiness for our point of view:


In another perspective for the crash testing, in the internet site of the crash network [17] expresses the headings in different groups: interior testing, dash board, frontal impact, side impact, steering wheel, seats, seat belts, rear impact, rollover, head rests, and roof crush. Considering the developments in the vehicle industry including automobiles and aircrafts, etc., especially the UAVs, many countries trying to improve new methodologies against the collisions comprising hundreds of standards. The major idea for the crash worthiness is protect the occupants or all beings, and eliminate or diminish the damages caused by the collisions.
