**3.5. Crowdsourcing**

Crowdsourcing can be defined as a process to obtain desired information, service, input or ideas on a specific task (which surpass computer capabilities) from human(s), typically over the Internet [60, 61]. In case of autonomous vehicles, crowdsourcing can be performed to solve a number of problems, for example, during operation vehicles identify new obstacles/routes which were not labelled previously and require human(s) input. Standalone implementations limit vehicles' ability for accomplishing such objectives [5]. Cloud-enabled systems facilitate in conducting crowdsourcing activities with specific or cloud crowd [61]. Cloud-based crowdsourcing has captured much attention of the researchers and industrialists/enterprises to achieve automation in their different processes [61]. A prominent example of cloud-based crowdsourcing is Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk), which provides marketplace to perform tasks that surpass computer capabilities and require human intelligence [62].
