**5. Conclusion**

Ovarian cancer is a malignancy where most patients are treated for metastatic disease because they are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. A better understanding of the process of metastasis and the underlying mechanisms of regulation is crucial for development of effective therapies. However, our knowledge in this field remains limited. It has become increasingly clear that there are multiple different ways in which the cancer cells disseminate, and the transcoelomic rout remains the most predominant mode. While it appears to be a relatively simpler way to metastasize, the steps involved pose their own unique challenges to the cancer cells. Moreover, the absence of the need for invasion, intravasation, and extravasation can potentially enable the cancer cells to metastasize earlier and in greater numbers than in case of hematogenous metastasis. Studying the underlying mechanisms have remained challenging but the evolution of *in vitro* organotypic 3D culture models have opened up opportunities to conduct more meaningful experiments and have lead to significant leaps in knowledge [6, 24, 45]. Use of ovarian cancer cell lines that closely resemble the mutational profile of clinical HGSOC samples will also contribute toward meaningful progress in research in this field [54, 55]. The use of such models will hopefully provide greater insights into the regulation of metastatic colonization and enable therapeutic targeting of the disease at the stage in which they are most vulnerable. Moreover, considering the key roles played by the microenviron‐ ment of the site of metastasis as well as the tumor stroma, these 'normal' components can be targeted as well as the cross talk between them and the cancer cells. Since these cells are genetically stable and provide multiple different modes of support to the cancer cells, there will hopefully be reduced chances of development of drug resistance.
