**Modulation of Gene Expression During Stages of Liver Colonization by Pancreatic Cancer in a Rat Model**

Khamael M.K. Al-Taee, Hassan Adwan and Martin R. Berger

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64335

#### **Abstract**

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known for its early spreading of tumor cells into the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulated gene expression of PDAC cells during liver colonization. To that purpose, ASML rat pancreatic cancer cells marked with enhanced green fluorescent protein were inoculat‐ ed into the portal vein of isogenic BDX rats and reisolated from livers by fluorescenceactivated cell sorting sorting at early (1, 3 days), intermediate (9 days), advanced (15 days), and terminal (21 days) stages of liver colonization. Reisolated ASML cells were used for total RNA isolation and subsequently their gene expression was investigated by Illumina chip array for mRNA and miRNA species, followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Following reisolation, 7–20% of genes and 10% of miRNA species were modulated significantly in expression during the early stage of liver colonization and continuously thereafter. These overall changes led to distinguish certain categories and processes participating in cancer progression. The knowledge of these alterations in gene expression will suggest targets, which could be used for new diagnostic proce‐ dures as well as for combating liver metastasis successfully.

**Keywords:** pancreatic cancer, liver metastasis, ASML cells, isogenic rat model, modu‐ lation of gene expression, stages of liver colonization
