**2.1. Alcohol ablation (ethanol injection)**

Alcohol ablation is a simple and inexpensive technique for tumor ablation. The ablation involves cellular dehydration and ischemia that lead to endothelial necrosis and vascular thrombosis. Before the injection of the alcohol, a mixture of iodinated contrast material (25%) and lidocaine 1% (75%) is introduced to examine area of the alcohol diffusion, and patient will be put under local anesthesia. Alcohol ablation has been a treatment for bone metastases rather than primary bone tumor. However, the method has a risk of failure or complications as the alcohol may uncontrollably diffuse into the tumor and surrounding soft tissues [1].
