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Judith Marcela Dueñas‐Jiménez, Irene Aguilar‐García, María de la Luz Galván‐Ramírez, Sergio Horacio Dueñas‐Jiménez, Jorge David Rivas-Carrillo, Anne Santerre and Erika Priscilla Domínguez‐Rangel

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62878

#### **Abstract**

Astrocytomas are brain tumors from glial cells, and they are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as astrocytoma, grade I or benign; astrocytoma, grade II or malignant; anaplastic astrocytoma, grade III; and glioblastoma multiforme or grade IV. The high‐grade gliomas have an incidence of 6.03/100,000. The frequency of GBM is higher in men than in woman by a 50%. The survival of patients with GBM varied between 14 and 18 months, and less than 10% patients survive for 5 years. The main treatments for GBM consist of surgical tumor resection, radiotherapy, and chemother‐ apy. These tumors present different endocrine characteristics, such as expression of aromatase enzyme, estrogen, progesterone, as well as testosterone receptors. In addition, patients with GBM produce estradiol in high concentrations when com‐ pared to those with low‐grade astrocytomas. The highest mRNA expression of ER*α* and aromatase in GBM patients had been postulated as prognostic biomarkers. The aromatase inhibitors had been used in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopaus‐ al women with satisfactory results. At present time, several research groups are interested in testing these inhibitors for treating GBM.

**Keywords:** glioblastoma, endocrine characteristics, estradiol receptor, aromatase, aro‐ matase inhibitors

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
