**1. Introduction**

Forensic identification is a universal method used to establish the truth in the process of forensic investigation. The evidence includes, among other components, the identification but with‐ out being mistaken for it or being reduced to just this.

Both medico‐legal and criminalities identification are integrative parts of forensic identifica‐ tion, having probative value. The value of an identification method resides in the expert's ability to compare traces left at the crime scene with traces found on other materials such as reference evidence. Through this method, one can compare: traces of blood left at the crime scene with those found on a suspects' clothes and with samples from the victim. Furthermore,

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the rifling can be compared with fingerprints left on the weapon and with the rifling of other weapons.

Medico‐legal identification is based on intrinsic scientific methods or scientific methods absorbed from other sciences, usually bio‐medical sciences. Scientific progress from the last 30–40 years has highlighted and continues to highlight the role of the specialists in identifica‐ tion. Their role proves its importance in cases that have to do with civil and criminal law, family law, as well as in cases of catastrophes with numerous victims (natural, accidents, wars, terrorist attacks).

Together with the discovery by Mullis in 1983 of the polymerized chain reaction (PCR), Sir Alex Jeffreys will introduce in the field of forensic genetics this technique by studying a set of DNA fragments that proved to have unique characteristics, which were nonrecurring and inherent for each individual, the only exception being monozygotic twins. Alec Jeffreys named these reaction products "genetic fingerprints".

In this chapter, we will present the utility of molecular genetics techniques in the case of forensic identification, as well as in criminalistics cases.
