**Abstract**

The way to medico legal identification was open at the end of the twenty‐first century by the "digital fingerprinting" represented by the multifactorial phenotypical trait, determined by both polygenic and environmental factors, followed by group‐specific antigens, or with specificity for blood and tissue, and ending with the DNA molecule in use today. Because of this aspect, the framework of modern forensic medicine includes a new field, that of forensic genetics, that mostly involves working with investigations that have human genotype identification as a goal.

**Keywords:** forensic genetics, human identification, DNA genotype, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), short tandem repeats (STR), single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
