**Author details**

Jerzy Winczek

heat-affected zone (**Figure 26**), ferrite, pearlite and pearlite balls supercooled with a number of non-metallic inclusions are visible. Primary structure of the parent material (**Figure 27**)

consists of ferrite and pearlite in the band system (hardly visible).

**Figure 27.** Parent material, Nital Etch, magnification 250×, ferritic-pearlitic banded structure.

**7. Conclusion**

126 Joining Technologies

results.

affected zone).

simulation and testify to the correctness of the developed numerical model.

The results of metallographic tests show high conformity with the results of numerical

The proposed model for determining temperature field allows to obtain characteristic zones of the weld joint with shapes and dimensions similar to the real ones. Metallographic verifi‐ cation of the results of numerical simulation of phase transitions also provided satisfactory

Analysis of phase transformations occurring during the welding process allowed determina‐ tion of the quantitative composition of the cooling structures in the weld area (in the heat-

This approach allows for an accurate tracking of changes in phase participations and the course of thermal and phase strains, which enable to determine, within the framework of thermo‐

plasticity theory, welding stresses temporary and residual welding stresses.

Address all correspondence to: winczek@gmail.com

Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
