**A Comprehensive Model of the Transport Phenomena in Gas Metal Arc Welding**

Junling Hu, Zhenghua Rao and Hai-Lung Tsai

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64160

#### **Abstract**

Frequency Influence. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 2013;41(1):133–139. DOI:

[11] Reis, R. P.; Souza, D.; Ferreira Filho, D. Arc Interruptions in Tandem Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 2015;137(1):

[12] Kumar, A.; Shailesh, P.; Sundarrajan, S. Optimization of Magnetic Arc Oscillation Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of AA 5456 Aluminum Alloy Weldments. Materials and Design. 2008;29(10):1094–1913. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.04.044 [13] Fasching, A. A.; Edwards, G. R.; David, S. A. Grain Refinement and Hydrogen Em‐ brittlement in Iron Aluminide Alloy FA129. Science and Technology of Welding and

[14] Sundaresan, S.; Ram, G. D. J. Use of Magnetic Arc Oscillation for Grain Refinement of Gas Tungsten Arc Welds in a–ß Titanium Alloys. Science and Technology of Welding

[15] Chen, X. Q.; Smith, J. S.; Lucas, J. Microcomputer Controlled Arc Oscillator for Auto‐ mated TIG Welding. Journal of Microcomputer Applications. 1990;13(4):347–360. DOI:

[16] Kang, Y. H.; Na S. J. Characteristics of Welding and Arc Signal in Narrow Groove Gas Metal Arc Welding Using Electromagnetic Arc Oscillation: Experiments Produce Optimum Parameters for Obtaining Uniform and Sufficient Groove Face Penetration.

[17] Dutra, J. C.; Bidese, E.; Bonacorso, N. G.; Gonçalves E.; Silva, R. H. Improving Surfacing Performance with GMAW: A Method of Synchronizing Polarity is Used for Applica‐

tions that Require Minimal Dilution. Welding Journal. 2013;92(5):42–47.

10.1109/TPS.2012.2230650

76 Joining Technologies

10.1016/0745-7138(90)90034-5

Welding Journal. 2003;82(5):93s–99s.

011004-011004-9. DOI: 10.1115/1.4028681

Joining. 1997;2(4):167–173. DOI: 10.1179/stw.1997.2.4.167

and Joining. 1999;4(3):151–160. DOI: 10.1179/136217199101537699

A comprehensive two-dimensional gas metal arc welding (GMAW) model was developed to take into account all the interactive events in the gas metal arc welding process, including the arc plasma, melting of the electrode, droplet formation, detachment, transfer, and impingement onto the workpiece, and the weld-pool dynamics and weld formation. The comprehensive GMAW model tracks the free surface using the volume of fluid method and directly modeled the coupling effects between the arc domain and the metal domain, thus eliminating the need to assign boundary conditions at the interface. A thorough investigation of the plasma arc characteristics was conducted to study its effects on the dynamic process of droplet formation, detachment, impingement, and weld-pool formation. It was found that the droplet transfer and the deformed electrode and weld-pool surfaces significantly influence the transient distributions of current density, arc temperature, and arc pressure, which in turn affect the droplet formation, droplet transfer, and weld-pool dynamics.

**Keywords:** GMAW, arc plasma, weld-pool dynamics, metal transfer, droplet forma‐ tion
