**Author details**

**•** The synchronized oscillation configuration generally resulted in the largest values of weld bead width. Furthermore, the larger the magnetic deflection used, the greater the

**•** Analysis of width parameters for both average welding currents used indicated that the best results (control over the weld pool and over the weld bead formation) were obtained with the synchronized magnetic oscillation of the arc at a frequency of 1 Hz;

**•** For both average current levels tested, the left side width, where higher levels of current and longer times of arc action were employed, influenced more on the increase of the total width, demonstrating that the synchronized magnetic oscillation technique was able to control the formation of the weld beads. That is, the higher current and actuation time on the left side of the weld pool led to left width increase, resulting in increase of

Aiming to further develop and evaluate the synchronized magnetic oscillation technique, the

**•** Improve the synchronized oscillation system to have the capacity to deflect the arc with

**•** Evaluate the synchronized magnetic oscillation within a broad frequency range to better

**•** Evaluate the synchronized magnetic oscillation with GTAW and GMAW in applications such as the welding of dissimilar materials, joining of materials of different thicknesses, in root pass, in narrow gap, in hardfacing, for grain refinement, for out-of-position welding, etc., always seeking to drive more or less heat/melting capacity according to the position of

**•** Perform longitudinal magnetic oscillation synchronized with GTAW and GMAW to verify the effects on factors such as weld bead geometry and maximum welding speed allowed;

**•** Record the magnetic oscillation synchronized with GMAW using high-speed filming to verify possible effects on the transfer of metal droplets from the electrode to the workpiece.

The authors thankfully acknowledge the financial support received from CNPq (project 458428/2014-0), FAPEMIG (project APQ-00858-14), and CAPES and the infrastructure used in the Centre for Research and Development of Welding Processes at Federal University of

total width resulted;

74 Joining Technologies

the total weld bead width.

different and higher intensities at each stop position;

exploit its capacity to control the weld bead formation;

**5. Future developments**

following ideas are proposed:

the arc and need;

**Acknowledgements**

Uberlândia, Brazil.

Thiago Resende Larquer1 and Ruham Pablo Reis2\*

\*Address all correspondence to: ruhamreis@mecanica.ufu.br

1 Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2 Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
