**9. miR-124 downregulation**

miR-124 has been found to be the most abundant microRNA expressed in neuronal cells. Its targets are laminin γ1 and integrin β1. Nevertheless, experiments to alter expression of miR-124 in neural cells did not appear to affect differentiation [86]. However, later research reports described the role of miR-124 during neuronal differentiation by the overexpression of miR-9\* and miR-124 in neural progenitors [87]. In a recent work, it was demonstrated that exosomes containing miR-124a releasing from neurons that can be directly internalized into astrocytes, with a concomitant increase in miR-124a, induce an increase in the levels of GLT1 protein [88]. miR-124a was found downregulated in the spinal cord of mutant SOD1 mouse models. *In vivo* injection of miR-124a into oligonucleotides in the spinal cord of ALS mice significantly prevents further pathological loss of GLT1 protein.
