**Author details**

Philippe Codron1,2,3, Julien Cassereau2,3, Joël Eyer4\* and Franck Letournel1,4

\*Address all correspondence to: joel.eyer@univ‐angers.fr

1 Neurobiology and Neuropathology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France

2 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France

3 UMR INSERM, U771‐CNRS6214, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France

4 UPRES‐EA3143, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France

#### **References**

[1] Izmiryan A, Cheraud Y, Khanamiryan L, Leterrier JF, Federici T, Peltekian E, et al. Different expression of synemin isoforms in glia and neurons during nervous system development. Glia. 2006 Aug 15;54(3):204–13.

[2] Julien JP, Mushynski WE. Neurofilaments in health and disease. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1998;61:1–23.

**Mice Lifespan Perycarial NF inclusions References** SODG85R – NFL -/- Increased by 15% No change [84] SODG93A – NFL overexpression Increased by 15% Increased [97] SODG93A – NFH overexpression Increased by 15% Increased [97] SODG37R – human NFH overexpression Increased by 65% Increased [98]

Implications of NIF abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ALS remain unclear. Despite extensive studies over the past 20 years, it is still unknown how these abnormalities occur and what are their exact contributions to the disease pathogenesis. Understanding how they are formed remains an important objective in the study of both sporadic and familial forms of the disease. Perhaps, the analysis of future generation of mouse models with new familial ALS mutations or conditional control of abnormal NIF proteins will help to address this issue.

Philippe Codron1,2,3, Julien Cassereau2,3, Joël Eyer4\* and Franck Letournel1,4

2 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France

4 UPRES‐EA3143, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France

development. Glia. 2006 Aug 15;54(3):204–13.

3 UMR INSERM, U771‐CNRS6214, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France

1 Neurobiology and Neuropathology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, Angers,

[1] Izmiryan A, Cheraud Y, Khanamiryan L, Leterrier JF, Federici T, Peltekian E, et al. Different expression of synemin isoforms in glia and neurons during nervous system

\*Address all correspondence to: joel.eyer@univ‐angers.fr

**Table 4.** Effects of NF changes in SOD1‐mediated disease.

**3. Future directions**

204 Update on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

**Author details**

France

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