*3.2.2.1. Landsat ecosystem disturbance adaptive processing system*

Landsat enhanced thematic mapper and thematic sensors imagery was used as the primary source of information. The images were obtained from the USGS website (http:// glovis.usgs.gov). In the study area, like other tropical regions, cloud cover limited the choice of imagery available per year. In total, 155 Landsat scenes were downloaded. The images were in L1T geometrically corrected format and atmospherically corrected using the 6S radiative transfer approach [75].

**Figure 2.** Satellite data preparation flow.

Landsat 7 ETM+ images acquired with the SLC‐off (i.e., SLC failure in 2003) were adjusted using the algorithm Geostatistical Neighbor Spatial Pixel Interpolator, GNSPI [76]. The GNSPI can recover efficiently the pixels missing due to SLC failure, and its outputs are suitable for forest monitoring applications [77]. Landsat imagery was separated according to the date taken (i.e. wet or dry season), and an initial cloud filter was applied. Imagery with more than 10% of cloud cover was avoided for the analysis to focus on high‐quality imagery (cloud free). **Figure 2** shows in a very generic way the pre‐processing process.

#### *3.2.3. Forest degradation indicators estimation*
