**2.4. Data processing with geographical ınformation system**

Spatial relations between soil properties (EC, pH, SOM, P, K, B, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cd, CEC, Sand, Clay, Silt, K factor, CI, PAWC, PR) and wheat yield were investigated by GIS. Soil, digital elevation, land use, productivity, soil compaction, plant-available water content, surface runoff, and soil loss maps were prepared using ArcView 3.1 GIS Software [23]. The basin soil, elevation, and land-use maps with a 1:25,000 scale were digitized in vector format and then transformed to raster format to prepare GIS applications [24].
