**Acknowledgements**

The results of the soil equation development indicate that there are two primary dimensions to soil productivity for the area, forming an annual plant preference cluster, a woody plant preference cluster, and a wetland plant preference cluster, where each soil setting required a different soil profile. The equations explain between 90 and 97% of the variance and are

When the Friedman's analysis of variance is applied to the ranks of **Table 8**, at least one of the treatments is significantly different that at least one of the other treatments at a *p*-value of <0.005, where 22.54 is greater than a Chi-square distribution of 10.597. When the Friedman's multiple comparison test is applied, the low impact development treatment is significantly different from the other two treatments at a *p*-value of 0.05. The existing and traditional

**Variables Existing Traditional Low impact development**

The Medical Mile including MSU College of Human Medicine is an established significant landmark for the city of Grand Rapids to revitalize the campus visionary aesthetics, exceptional functionality, and adjacent communities. The 98.5-acre design contains both campus area and abutting district employing a variety of green infrastructure and microclimate treatments. The design considers a master plan that utilizes innovative stormwater management system, creates a variety of use areas, focuses on reviving local business, and provides an elevated

walkway network to tie different districts within our boundary.

Runoff (liters) 2.43 billon 2 billion 0.59 billion Soil Infiltration 35% 40% 76% Days per year with runoff 46.93 39.29 12.03 Number of trees 590 700 1030 Average water use/gallon/year 2496.3 2600 2442.41 Green space (acres) 15.44 18.29 31.63 Impervious surface (acres) 83.06 80.21 43.26 Greenroof (acres) 0.14 0 7.64 Phosphorus removal 0 0 89% Field sparrow suitability index 0 0.04 0.12 Fox squirrel suitability index (winter food) 0.11 0.15 0.20 Average visual quality score 74.5 72 52 Average soil productivity −0.05 1 2.25

definitive (*p*-value < .001).

82 Sustainable Urbanization

**Table 8.** Numerical results.

**5. Discussion and conclusion**

treatments are also significantly different (*p*-value 0.05).

The study team wishes to acknowledge the following individuals: School of Human Medicine, MSU: Dick Temple, AIA; Transportation Engineering, MSU: Anthony Ingle; Transportation Engineering, MSU: Tim Potter; Plant Biology, MSU: Frank Telewski; Landscape Architect, JJR: Jennifer Sierack; Landscape Architect, JJR: Oliver Kiley; Energy and Sustainability Director, City of Grand Rapids: Dr. Haris Alibasic; Planning Design Director, City of Grand Rapids: Suzanne Schultz; Philosophy PhD Candidate, MSU: Mladjo Ivanovic; Landscape Architecture Student, MSU: Xumei Wang; Landscape Architecture Student, MSU: Xiao Hou; Economics Student, MSU: Jianglong Wang.
