**5. Future perspectives**

The ECM is not only a simple scaffold that provides physical supports for stem cells but also a dynamic and complex environment that is capable of regulating cell behaviours. Although the application of natural or synthetic ECM with the aim to enhance therapeutic effects of stem cells is highly appealing for promoting regenerative processes, issues related to efficiency and safety limit their translational use as regenerative medicine. Further identifying specific biochemical and biophysical properties of ECM and understanding the interplay between stem cells and ECM will provide knowledge of stem cell biology and fuel the development of regenerative therapies based on stem cells.
