**9. Transport**

**6.8. Storage practices for quality seeds**

128 New Challenges in Seed Biology - Basic and Translational Research Driving Seed Technology

control the humidity inside the storage structure [27].

insulation depends upon atmospheric condition outside of it. [6, 51].

**7.1. Protection against temperature**

**(CAS)**

**8.1. Protection against theft**

the stores [6].

**7. Moisture control**

Quality of seeds can be maintained by especially designing the small stores to silo or ware‐ houses which play a protective role against adverse temperature conditions, ground water, rain water, pests, and thefts. The structure and contents of the store should be managed [9].

A water disposal system and well-designed roof are required (overhung or gutter) to hinder the water running to the store. Drains move the water away from the stores. In large ware‐ houses, side by side joining of stores should be avoided to prevent the water run into the store. Raised floor and proper drainage system protect against the risk of the flood, and water-proof floors and walls guard against ground water. There must be proper ventilation system to

It is difficult to control temperature in the storage structures; it needs special design elements to control temperature. Temperature can be ascertained by the use of controlled ventilation. In the cold night, temperature can be manipulated by insulated stores. Stores can be built in east-west direction, and using shiny material outside the stores can be an effective strategy to control heat. Thick wall and wide roofs (for shade) can further reduce the heat of the storage structure. Heater and refrigerators can be installed to modify temperature in stores; the equipment will perform well in case of insulated stores. However in these stores, degree of

**8. Modified atmosphere storage (MAS) and controlled atmosphere storage**

In modified atmospheric condition, the gases are added or removed from surrounding to make a controlled atmospheric composition around seeds, which differs from air (78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, and 0.03% carbon dioxide). This includes the reduction of oxygen and elevation of carbon dioxide concentration. CAS and MAS are different in level of control although CAS

Security guard or fence may be needed to guard the store. Lights are installed to illuminate

is more exact. The process is used to facilitate whole-store fumigation [52, 53].

The transport of commodities from field to storage houses can produce some injury, which can later cause deterioration of produce. This main focus is to keep the produce dry and moisture-free. The risk of insect infestation of seeds from the contaminated container has insect residual. Mechanical injury is produced from vibration during transport, poor condition of vehicle and roads, poor driving, insecure container stacking, the use of unsuitable container, and careless handling. Overheating is produced from the sun or vehicle engine that results in moisture loss of produce, and this leads to natural breakdown and decay [6].
