**8. Modified atmosphere storage (MAS) and controlled atmosphere storage (CAS)**

In modified atmospheric condition, the gases are added or removed from surrounding to make a controlled atmospheric composition around seeds, which differs from air (78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, and 0.03% carbon dioxide). This includes the reduction of oxygen and elevation of carbon dioxide concentration. CAS and MAS are different in level of control although CAS is more exact. The process is used to facilitate whole-store fumigation [52, 53].

#### **8.1. Protection against theft**

Security guard or fence may be needed to guard the store. Lights are installed to illuminate the stores [6].

#### **8.2. Protection from birds and rodents**

Bird and rodent contact can be hindered by avoiding the free spaces for the access to the seeds. Rodent guards are commonly tight-fitting shelves, or conventional methods could be tying of thorn bushes to the stores as barrier. Walls of the stores should be smooth, and roof should be rodent proof to avoid their contact inside the storage structure [54].

#### **8.3. Protection against insect**

The small size insects can easily enters the storage buildings therefore it is difficult to make insect-proof walls and roofs because they can enter from even small cracks. For protection against insects, smooth walls, controlled ventilation, cleaned stores, floor without cracks, and curved floor wall can be effective. For protection against termites, termite-resistant material should be used (concrete, stones, fire bricks, and termite-resistant wood) [55].
