Contents

Preface XIII

	- **Part 2 Acoustic Waves as Investigative Tools 123**

Contents VII

Chapter 18 **An Optimal Distribution of Actuatorsin Active Beam** 

Chapter 19 **Multilayered Structure as a Novel Material for Surface Acoustic Wave Devices: Physical Insight 421**

Chapter 21 **Sources of Third–Order Intermodulation Distortion in Bulk**

Chapter 23 **Polymer Coated Rayleigh SAW and STW Resonators for Gas** 

Chapter 22 **Shear Mode Piezoelectric Thin Film Resonators 501**

Chapter 24 **Ultrananocrystalline Diamond as Material for Surface** 

Chapter 25 **Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Film Based Acoustic Devices:** 

Chapter 27 **Applications of In–Fiber Acousto–Optic Devices 595**  C. Cuadrado-Laborde, A. Díez, M. V. Andrés, J. L. Cruz, M. Bello-Jimenez, I. L. Villegas, A. Martínez-Gámez and Y. O. Barmenkov

Chapter 28 **Surface Acoustic Waves and Nano–Electromechanical** 

Dustin J. Kreft and Robert H. Blick

Jyoti Prakash Kar and Gouranga Bose

**Material Synthesis and Device Fabrication 563**

Chapter 26 **Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Harsh Environment 579**

**Acoustic Wave Devices: A Phenomenological Approach 483**

Chapter 20 **SAW Parameters Analysis and Equivalent Circuit** 

Eduard Rocas and Carlos Collado

**Part 4 Acoustic Wave Based Microdevices 419**

Adam Brański

Natalya Naumenko

**of SAW Device 443**

Takahiko Yanagitani

Ivan D. Avramov

Cinzia Caliendo

**Systems 637**

**Sensor Applications 521**

**Acoustic Wave Devices 547**  Nicolas Woehrl and Volker Buck

Trang Hoang

**Vibration – Some Aspects, Theoretical Considerations 397**

	- **Part 3 Acoustic Waves as Manipulative Tools 321**
	- **Part 4 Acoustic Wave Based Microdevices 419**

VI Contents

Chapter 8 **Machinery Faults Detection Using**

**Imaging 191** 

Georges Nassar

**Acoustic Emission Signal 171**  Dong Sik Gu and Byeong Keun Choi

H. Grün, T. Berer and G. Paltauf

**Media Characterization 213** 

Chapter 11 **Modeling of Biological Interfacial Processes Using Thickness–Shear Mode Sensors 239**

Chapter 12 **Analysis of Biological Acoustic Waves by Means of the** 

**Phase–Sensitivity Technique 259**

**Transdermal Drug Delivery 287** Jociely P. Mota, Jorge L.C. Carvalho, Sérgio S. Carvalho and Paulo R. Barja

**Eclipse Events 303**

Chapter 15 **Use of Acoustic Waves for Pulsating Water Jet Generation 323**

N.E. Bykovsky and Yu.V. Senatsky

Josef Foldyna

Chapter 13 **Photoacoustic Technique Applied to Skin Research:** 

Chapter 14 **Acoustic–Gravity Waves in the Ionosphere During Solar** 

Chapter 16 **Molecular Desorption by Laser–Driven Acoustic Waves:** 

Chapter 17 **Excitation of Periodical Shock Waves in Solid–State Optical** 

**Analytical Applications and Physical Mechanisms 343**  Alexander Zinovev, Igor Veryovkin and Michael Pellin

**Media (Yb:YAG, Glass) at SBS of Focused Low–Coherent Pump Radiation: Structure Changes, Features of Lasing 369**

Petra Koucká Knížová and Zbyšek Mošna

**Part 3 Acoustic Waves as Manipulative Tools 321**

Chapter 9 **Compensation of Ultrasound Attenuation in Photoacoustic** 

P. Burgholzer, H. Roitner, J. Bauer-Marschallinger,

Chapter 10 **Low Frequency Acoustic Devices for Viscoelastic Complex** 

Ertan Ergezen, Johann Desa, Matias Hochman, Robert Weisbein Hart, Qiliang Zhang, Sun Kwoun, Piyush Shah and Ryszard Lec

Wojciech Michalski, Wojciech Dziewiszek and Marek Bochnia

**Characterization of Tissue, Topically Applied Products and** 


Preface

pursued.

configuration.

The subject of acoustic waves might easily be considered a mature one, quite specialized, with narrow and circumscribed fields of interest and of application. The present book is an evidence of the opposite: it witnesses how the concept of acoustic wave, a collective displacement of matter which perturbs an equilibrium configuration, is a pervasive concept, which emerges in very different fields. This type of phenomena can be analyzed from different points of view, it can be exploited in different ways, and is the object of active investigations. The present book, far from pretending to give an exhaustive overview of the subject, offers instead a sampling of various points of view, of applications, and of research objectives which are actively

It must first be remembered that acoustic waves are supported by all the forms of matter: solids, liquids, gases and plasmas. And if similarities among the different phenomena are deep enough for them to deserve the same name, nevertheless the peculiarities connected to the various media are significant. Although the range of involved length and time scales is huge, going from sub-micrometric layers exploited in microdevices to seismic waves propagating in the Sun's interior, the more profound peculiarities of the various cases concern the very heart of the phenomena, namely the type of forces which, in different types of media, tend to restore the equilibrium

These phenomena can be approached under different points of view. A first type of approach aims at a better comprehension of phenomena. Many aspects of acoustic waves are nowadays well understood, but the investigation is obviously never ending. A line of research aims at the theoretical exploration, also by relatively sophisticated mathematical analyses, of various aspects of phenomena whose basic laws are well established. Concerning acoustic waves in elastic solids, Huang recalls the characters of such waves in homogeneous isotropic media. Then he exploits recent computational tools to analyze the modifications occurring in media which are periodically inhomogeneous, like composite materials. Alshits, Lyubimov & Radowicz investigate instead the elastic waves in solids which are homogeneous but anisotropic, like single crystals. They show that the addition of a dissipative term to the elasto-dynamic equations has consequences which go far beyond the intuitive introduction of a damping. This term can modify the same topology of the slowness surface, inducing a
