**3. MBS lumbar spine models**

The aim of our biomechanical computer modeling is to consider the characteristics of a musculoskeletal system through the use of knowledge from the fields of mechanics, anatomy, and physiology in the model in an appropriate manner, in order to obtain as accurately as possible a realistic simulation of the biomechanical behavior of the system. In the following, various application examples of a lumbar spine model that takes all spinal structures with their specific material properties into account are presented.
