**Biofilm Control**

**Chapter 18**

**Adverse Influences of Antimicrobial Strategy against**

Antimicrobial measures, such as topical antiseptics and local drug delivery, have proven effective as complements to mechanical control. However, recent investigations have

One possible negative reaction is that residual structure may serve as a scaffold for redevelopment of biofilm. It is reported that no or little biofilm structure was removed when oral biofilms were treated with chemical compounds and that the secondary

Second, residual structure may also act as pathogens. It is well known that various microbial components in the biofilm can play a role in disease pathogenesis, even if the

Third, low-dose antibiotics may promote bacterial biofilm formation. The short-time exposure of chemical agents will cause gradient of concentration inside biofilm. In this case, the cells in deeper area may be exposed to subminimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antimicrobial agents. Recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of antibiotics or antimicrobial agents at sub-MIC levels can induce biofilm formation *in*

This chapterreviews studies demonstrating adverse influences of antimicrobial strategy

**Keywords:** oral biofilm, antimicrobial agent, residual structure, sub-MIC, stress re‐

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Mature Oral Biofilm**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/63564

**Abstract**

Rika Wakamatsu, Tatsuya Ohsumi, Yutaka Terao and Yuichiro Noiri

Shoji Takenaka, Masataka Oda, Hisanori Domon,

reported some adverse influences of antimicrobial strategy.

adhesion was promoted in the presence of residual structure.

*vitro*, interfering with bacterial biofilm virulence expression.

against mature oral biofilm.

sponse

microorganisms in the biofilm are completely killed.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
