**9. Conclusions**

Ceramic implants were introduced to solve some esthetic and biologic problems related to traditional titanium implants. Y-TZP has the biomechanical properties suitable to produce dental implants. To date, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown good results from a me‐ chanical point of view. Furthermore, zirconia is an osteoconductive material, so achieving osseointegration is not a problem, and the simulation of stress distribution into the bone did not find essential difference from titanium. Unfortunately, long-term follow-ups are missing, so no solid clinical evidence is currently available to recommend routine use of zirconia implants or to replace titanium implants, which is still found to be the gold standard for dental implantology. So, even if zirconia implants are a good option from theoretical and experi‐ mental point of view, the clinical long-term response is not yet available. Almost all the authors agree to be cautious for proposing zirconia implants as substitutes of titanium implants for replacing teeth. Long-term, well-designed perspective clinical studies are needed to address the missing aspects of this undoubtful promising alternative.
