**8. Conclusion**

EDCs are widely available in the environment. Although exposure to these chemicals can be reduced by not using plastics, the total prevention of exposure is not feasible. Serious measures must be taken to reduce the availability of EDCs and regulatory authorities must be aware of their toxic effects and the outcomes. Parents should avoid using plastic materials and EDCcontaining materials (phthalate containing gum shields, toys, and paints; BPA-containing feeding bottles and water bottles) for children, particularly for newborns. Therefore, the reduction of the use of phthalates and BPA must seriously be taken into concern, and chemical companies must be encouraged to synthesize and produce nontoxic alternatives of these substances.
