**5. Perspectives**

All the scientific evidence on the paracrine effect of MSC provide the opportunity to exploit the therapeutic potential of MSC-CM and opens up scenarios for the identification of new candidate molecules for tissue repair via proteomic analysis of the MSC secretome. MSC-CM delivers osteoinductive growth factors and cytokines that modulate the behavior of endoge‐ nous cells contributing to the formation of new tissue. Furthermore, the use of MC allows us to avoid some of the limiting factors associated with the clinical application of stem cells, such as the risk of tumorigenesis and transmission of infectious diseases [80], immunological incompatibility, costs and waiting time for cell ex vivo expansion [80].

The use of MSC-CM as a novel therapeutic strategy has several practical advantages. CM storage and transportation procedures are not as complex as they are for MSC. CM production can be less expensive, enabling access to disadvantaged populations and reducing costs for health systems.

Despite the advantages of its use, CM application may not always supersede the use of MSC, and it is possible that for some type of disorders MSC could be a more effective alternative. The number of known molecules mediating the paracrine effect of MSC grows every day, and significantly increases the potential range of their therapeutic applications.
