**14. How to evaluate parallax with ordinary images of a system**

It is common to say that holography is the technique allowing to reconstruct the wave amplitude and phase, but if we remain with this sole idea we could not properly analyze the holographic image. Considering that the phase of light cannot be seen, not even a detector with enough capability exists. What our eyes see are rays, directions of propagation. My personal vision of holography comes from my initiation as a 14-year-old photographer making stereo pictures.

This allows me to concentrate on the images and not on a mental visualization of Maxwell equations and their application, in which even complex-conjugated light fields are present. The third dimension can only be clearly perceived through binocular vision, which most popular imaging systems do not permit at present time. To demonstrate the existence of

[10] Description of V. Komar's development ot holographic cinematography at:

[11] "*Holographic Screens and Their Applications Applications*", Son et al, SPIE 3358 p337-345

[12] "*Processo para projeção de imagens com paralaxe horizontal sobre tela holográfica*", J.J. Lunazzi,

[13] Jung-Young Son, et al., "A Multiview 3-D Imaging System With Full Color Capabilities",

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[16] "Pseudoscopic imaging in a double diffraction process with a slit: critical point

[17] *Orthoscopic white-light imaging by means of two bi-dimensional diffracting elements and a* 

[19] *"Enlarging Holograms Under White Light"*, J.J. Lunazzi, Proc. of the 17th Gral. Meeting of

[20] Lunazzi SPIE News, "Enlarging Holograms Under White Light, a Way to Save

[21] Lunazzi, J.J. e Benito, R., KARAS Holografia, Madrid, Espanha, 1995, at "Tres Rios"

[22] "*White Light Colour Photography for Rendering Holoimages in a Diffractive Screen"*, J.J.

[23] J.J. Lunazzi and M. Diamand, *"Volume Images Vector Display Based on a Diffractive* 

[24] *"Holo-Television System with a Single Plane"*, J.J. Lunazzi, D.S.F. Magalhaes, N.I.R. Rivera, R.L. Serra, Opt. Lett. 34, 533-535 (2009) , http://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.4705 [25] "A Holographic Visualisation System: A Sequel", E.G. daFonseca, P.L. de Geus, C.F.X.

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Lunazzi, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Holographic Systems, Components and Applications, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 13-15 September 1993. http://arxiv.org/pdf/0904.2598 (Conf. Publ. No.379). IEE, London, UK. pp.

de Mendonça, J.J. Lunazzi, E. Bertini, Proc. of the X " International Symposium on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Vision", SIBGRAPI'98, pages 135-141,

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[9] *"Springer handbook of lasers and optics"*, Frank Trägger ed. 2007, Table 20.1 p.1206

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http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0703209

perspective selective viewing with ordinary cameras it is necessary to show the parallax, something that the photograph of any three-dimensional image, or the video made with the camera at a fixed position, cannot prove. In the case of photographs, a sequence, during which the camera changes laterally its position, allows to observe the relative change of positions of corresponding points at the scene, and also to mount a stereo pair for binocular observation. It improves the knowledge which the photographs offer, but it is not yet enough. A video registering gives more close frames than a series of photographs makes possible, and should detect the presence of dark regions or jumps on the transitions. But this is still not enough: the aperture of the camera lens must be as close as possible to the eye's pupil, about 3 mm to avoid mixing a dark and a luminous region at the same time giving the appearence of not existing dark regions.

In the internet, there are many sites claiming to show three-dimensional or holographic imaging systems, but which are shown from a single viewpoint.

A properly made system must be justified with images that can prove it. The worst case is certainly when simulated pictures are shown without declaring the simulation. It is usual in this cases to see part of the figure exiting the limits of the frame of the screen, what is impossible because light does not travels in curved path.
