**1. Introduction**

The additive technologies (ATs) (three-dimensional (3D) printing, selective laser sintering/ melting (SLS/M), etc.) are promising techniques for modeling, fabricating of functional graded structures (FGS) with nanoadditives and functional devices, but a direct SLS/M fabrication of the nanopowders by multilayered techniques is a difficult technological task. Laser sintering and melting are known to be thermally activated processes accompanied by the coagulation of nanoparticles into micro-sized conglomerates. However, a real challenge is the aggregation

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prevention during the 3D printing, which significantly levels the potential advantages of using thematerialsinthenano-orsubmicronstate.Oneofthewaystosolvethisproblemistheisolation of nanoparticles into the inert matrices where they do not undergo any aggregation or "ag‐ ing" and can be controllably released with the retained of chemical and phase composition [1– 3].

Stabilization of nanoparticles in a polymeric matrix and additionally reinforced porous structure makes it possible to arrange a desired distribution of the nanoparticles in the polymer and thus to protect them from agglomeration, oxidation, and corrosion and even to design the FGS. The results indicate that nanoparticles mechanically reinforced the polymer matrix and elastic modulus and the maximum stress significantly increased. Finally, the correlations "prehistory of obtaining (i.e., "background") - chemical composition of the nanoparticles volume and surface condition - phase/structural composition - morphology - perspective properties" will determine the nanoparticles behavior in further applications.

The present review will demonstrate how laser-assisted techniques of the 3D synthesis could be used to prepare a porous core-shell polymer structures containing different encapsulated nanoparticles distributed heterogeneously over the sintered polymer and dangerous for cancer tissue account of thermal hyperthermia or cytotoxic effect. We demonstrated a principal feasibility for fabrication of functionally graded 3D parts with the structural ordering of iron oxide particles and determined corresponding laser optimal regimes. The SLS-fabricated 3D samples of biocompatible iron oxide core/(polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or polycaprolactone (PCL)) shell magnetic nanocomposites have potential medical application for the tissue engineering scaffolds and cell targeting systems [4].

Functionally graded 3D parts with alternating ferromagnetic Ni-PC and nonmagnetic Cu-PC layers [5] exhibited hysteresis phenomena that can probably be used in microelectromechan‐ ical systems (MEMS)-nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) applications [6] also, where the time response must depend on the relaxation rate. The synthesized nanocomposites with high porosity and large-specific surface could also find their application in catalysis, lab-on-chips, drug delivery systems, and 3D crystalline structures for hydrogen storage devices [7].
