**2. Literature review on emergency management and human errors**

In emergency management, it is necessary to collect many and different types of information to deal with emergency tasks in different phases and to deal with emergency situation such as stress, lack of time, and adequate training [9].

A systematic literature review was carried out to search if a similar study has already been published in the literature. We looked for studies in the *emergency management* area in Scopus database (www.scopus.elsevier.com). In particular, we investigated the "engineering field," in which 8,445 documents came out during the period of 1925–2016. **Figure 3** shows the number of documents by year. Results point out that there is a growing interest on emergency management issue.

**Figure 3.** Documents by year.

A depth analysis shows that the majority of the researches are developed in the USA (**Figure 4**).

**Figure 4.** Documents by country/territory.

In recent literature, several approaches and models have been proposed to manage emergency conditions. For instance, Pérez et al. [10] in their study proposed a fleet assignment model for the Santiago Fire Department to maximize the number of incidents successfully attended. Omidvari et al. [11] developed a model based on analytical hierarchy process and failure modes and effects analysis logic to determine the factors influencing the fire risk of an education center. Bariha et al. [12] proposed the analysis of hazards associated with accidental release of high pressure from gas-pipeline transportation system. A probabilistic risk assess‐ ment from potential exposures to the public applied for innovative nuclear installations has been analyzed by Dvorzhak et al. [13]. While Shi et al. [14] used a technique plan repository and evaluation system based on AHP group decision-making for emergency treatment and disposal in chemical pollution accidents, Ergu et al. [15] applied the analytic network process, a generalization of the AHP, in risk assessment a decision analysis. Liu et al. [16] present a novel approach for FMEA based on AHP and fuzzy VIKOR method.

The above works relate to emergency management in the sense that they analyze multiple approaches to manage emergency conditions. However, no specific systematic approach is presented to take into account both qualitative and quantitative factors in the emergency management. Our work focuses in understanding the failure modes and human errors in emergency conditions, following a strict and standardized protocol to identify and to prioritize risks.
