**Author details**

Helena Pite1,2\*, Mário Morais-Almeida1,3, Tjeert Mensinga4 and Zuzana Diamant4,5

\*Address all correspondence to: helenampite@gmail.com

1 Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital and CUF Infante Santo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

2 CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciên‐ cias Médicas, Universidade Nova de, Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

3 CINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal

4 QPS Netherlands, Hanzeplein 1, GZ Groningen, The Netherlands

5 Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

#### **References**

In this setting, biomarkers are needed to innovate asthma management. As indicators of pathophysiologic processes or pharmacologic responses, biomarkers can be useful for asth‐ ma diagnosis and phenotyping, prediction of future risk or treatment selection or evaluation of response. Non-invasive sampling has the advantage of being patient-friendly and allow‐ ing repeatable measurements across all age and severity groups. More direct airway or dis‐ tant assessment non-invasive sampling and analysis are currently possible, yielding

For the promise of delivering valuable new biomarkers to the clinic to come forward, it is mandatory that standard optimised procedures are set for sample collection and analysis, and that resulting data are critically processed, explored and cut-off values are well-defined. This will allow comparison of results and replication, with external validation in different

Though relevant single biomarkers have been found in asthma, increasing evidence shows that biomarker panels do better and composite signatures may indeed soon be integrated in phenotyping/endotyping of asthma. Multiscale, high-dimensional biological, together with standard clinical measures are adding new relevant knowledge. This systems medicine ap‐ proach is helping to generate new hypotheses and (re)discover pathways and related bio‐ markers, linking phenotypes to endotypes and ultimately leading to truly innovative

1 Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital and CUF Infante Santo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

2 CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciên‐

3 CINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto,

5 Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane

and Zuzana Diamant4,5

molecular, cellular, functional and imaging potentially clinically useful biomarkers.

population settings.

**Author details**

Portugal

University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

treatments for patients with asthma syndromes.

32 Asthma - From Childhood Asthma to ACOS Phenotypes

Helena Pite1,2\*, Mário Morais-Almeida1,3, Tjeert Mensinga4

\*Address all correspondence to: helenampite@gmail.com

cias Médicas, Universidade Nova de, Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

4 QPS Netherlands, Hanzeplein 1, GZ Groningen, The Netherlands


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