Preface

Chapter 8 **Recent Progress in Semiconductor Photocatalysis for Organic**

Suzan A. Khayyat, Rosilda Selvin and L. Selva Roselin

Roman A. Voloshin, Margarita V. Rodionova, Sergey K.

Chapter 10 **Visible Light-Driven Water Oxidation Catalyzed by Ruthenium**

Markus D. Kärkäs, Tanja M. Laine, Eric V. Johnston and Björn

Zharmukhamedov, Harvey J.M. Hou, Jian-Ren Shen and Suleyman I.

Chapter 9 **Components of Natural Photosynthetic Apparatus in**

**Fine Chemical Synthesis 147**

**Solar Cells 161**

**VI** Contents

Allakhverdiev

Åkermark

**Complexes 189**

Using the energy from sunlight, *Photosynthesis* usually converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, which are important for all living creatures. In oxygenic photosynthesis proc‐ ess, water is also efficiently oxidized to oxygen, which is also necessary to sustain respiring organisms. Photosynthesis is one of the most important reactions on Earth, and it is a scien‐ tific field that is intrinsically interdisciplinary. Many research groups have considered pho‐ tosynthesis. The advances in characterization techniques and their application to the field have improved our understanding of photosynthesis and, now, our knowledge of the proc‐ ess and of the structures of reaction components has been advancing so rapidly and reveal‐ ing that photosynthesis is even more clearly an integrated biological process of continuing interest and of profound importance. However, now photosynthesis is considered by us to understand the secrets of Nature to efficiently capture and store sunlight.

The book is the result of the effort of many experts, and I would like to take this opportunity to thank all contributors for their chapters. I wish to express my gratitude to the staff at In‐ Tech for their kind assistances. I am grateful to the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (Zanjan, Iran) for their support. I also thank my wife, Mary, for her encouragement and infinite patience throughout the time that the book was being prepared.

Finally, I would like to dedicate the book to Mr. Abdourrahim Najafpour for all his kind‐ ness, help, support and encouragement in my life.

> **Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour** Department of Chemistry Center for Research in Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences Zanjan, Iran

**Section 1**

**Section one**
