**4.1 'PMM atmosphere' simulation model software implementation**

The 'PMM atmosphere' simulation model routine is a main program. This simulation model is the basis one to ensure integration of system virtual simulators in the HSCSOS architecture and monitoring of the crew environment parameters (Figure 7).

Fig. 7. Control panel of the 'PMM atmosphere' simulation model, where: *toc*, °C, *Tcol*, °C, φ, %, 2 ,mm of Hg, ,mm of Hg, ,mm of Hg *CO2 <sup>O</sup> <sup>Σ</sup> p pp* = controllable parameter values.

The crew's environment parameter values are displayed on the main routine control panel both as, values and in color when the parameter value is changed. When the '*TRACE CONTAMNANTS'* key is pressed there appears an extra window on the routine control panel to display current trace contaminant concentrations (Figure 8).

In the lower part of the program front panel there are pushbuttons enabling call-in the front panel the corresponding program simulating the functioning of the system when the line appears.

At the bottom of the routine control panel there are call-in keys for control panels of inputs systems simulating system performance. In doing so, color indication *'SYSTEM STATUS CONDITION'* appears*.* Two keys, located below, fully assessable from the instructor's work place and disconnected at the operator's terminal have inscriptions '*ASSIGNMENT OF OFF-NORMAL SITUATIONS'* and '*EXPERIMENT SHUTDOWN'.* 

Experimental verification of the model is carried out on the basis of algorithm assessment for inconsistency, analysis results of computational experiment related to calculation of the balance relationships and ergonomic requirements.

The client section displays the data obtained from the server section, generates control signals to transfer them to the server section. In addition, the client section allows the operator to identify and trace ONS develops in the HSCSOS and the time spent to conduct some operations in servicing the systems and localizing ONS. It is not necessary to permanently interconnect the server and client sections. The operator's terminal can be

The 'PMM atmosphere' simulation model routine is a main program. This simulation model is the basis one to ensure integration of system virtual simulators in the HSCSOS

Fig. 7. Control panel of the 'PMM atmosphere' simulation model, where: *toc*, °C, *Tcol*, °C, φ, %,

The crew's environment parameter values are displayed on the main routine control panel both as, values and in color when the parameter value is changed. When the '*TRACE CONTAMNANTS'* key is pressed there appears an extra window on the routine control

In the lower part of the program front panel there are pushbuttons enabling call-in the front panel the corresponding program simulating the functioning of the system when the line

At the bottom of the routine control panel there are call-in keys for control panels of inputs systems simulating system performance. In doing so, color indication *'SYSTEM STATUS CONDITION'* appears*.* Two keys, located below, fully assessable from the instructor's work place and disconnected at the operator's terminal have inscriptions '*ASSIGNMENT OF OFF-*

Experimental verification of the model is carried out on the basis of algorithm assessment for inconsistency, analysis results of computational experiment related to calculation of the

,mm of Hg, ,mm of Hg, ,mm of Hg *CO2 <sup>O</sup> <sup>Σ</sup> p pp* = controllable parameter values.

panel to display current trace contaminant concentrations (Figure 8).

*NORMAL SITUATIONS'* and '*EXPERIMENT SHUTDOWN'.* 

balance relationships and ergonomic requirements.

connected in case if the performance requires intervention.

2

appears.

**4.1 'PMM atmosphere' simulation model software implementation** 

architecture and monitoring of the crew environment parameters (Figure 7).


Fig. 8. 'Trace Contaminant Concentration' extra windows on control panel 'PMM atmosphere' simulation model.

### **4.2 'Crew' simulation model software implementation**

The 'Crew' simulation model as part of the HSCSOS software simulates mass/energy exchange between the crew and the environment as the results of which the loads required for functioning of virtual simulators are generated. This model is also as a loading component which is the source of disturbance.

The given subroutine operates in the background mode and is not directly displayed when the main 'PMM atmosphere' routine is in operation although being its subroutine (Figure 9).

Fig. 9. Control panel of 'Crew' simulation model.

The main routine is interrelated via 'DAY/NIGHT' subroutine which simulates the crew's energy expenditure in the day and night shifts depending on the activity/rest regimens and according to 'Mass Balance' subroutine operation.

The 'Crew' simulation model is experimentally verified based on a correlation between computational experiment resulted (Figure 10) and published specification.

Fig. 10. Typical computational experiment results on 'Crew' simulation model.

## **4.3 Virtual simulator program implementation**

When program implementing virtual simulators of some IRLSS systems its performance data governed by technologies applied they are based on and principles of design execution are adopted as a baseline.

The Air Revitalization and Monitoring Systems (ARMS) are designed to obviate the need to replace units and/or components in prolonged operation. If a unit or a component fails 'cold' or 'hot' redundancy is used to ensure system functioning. Thus, the ONS may be localized without unit replacement.

The systems such as WRS-AC based on sorption/catalytic processes and modular construction require the replacement of some units run out of their lives.

As an example, OGS program implementation as part of the ARMS is considered below (Figure 11).

The main routine is interrelated via 'DAY/NIGHT' subroutine which simulates the crew's energy expenditure in the day and night shifts depending on the activity/rest regimens and

The 'Crew' simulation model is experimentally verified based on a correlation between

computational experiment resulted (Figure 10) and published specification.

Fig. 10. Typical computational experiment results on 'Crew' simulation model.

construction require the replacement of some units run out of their lives.

When program implementing virtual simulators of some IRLSS systems its performance data governed by technologies applied they are based on and principles of design execution

The Air Revitalization and Monitoring Systems (ARMS) are designed to obviate the need to replace units and/or components in prolonged operation. If a unit or a component fails 'cold' or 'hot' redundancy is used to ensure system functioning. Thus, the ONS may be

The systems such as WRS-AC based on sorption/catalytic processes and modular

As an example, OGS program implementation as part of the ARMS is considered below

**4.3 Virtual simulator program implementation** 

are adopted as a baseline.

(Figure 11).

localized without unit replacement.

according to 'Mass Balance' subroutine operation.

Fig. 11. Front panel of the 'OGS' virtual simulator subroutine in '*OPERATION NOMINAL MODE'* (НБП/SUP=supply unit pump; КОВ/PWC=pre-purification water container; КЭI/EVI=electromagnetic valve; МНО/MMP and МНР/RMP=main micro-pump and reserve micro-pump; БХ/CU=cooling unit; БP/SU=separator unit; GA=gas analyzer).

A possible off-normal situation generated at the IWP is illustrated in Figure 12.

Fig. 12. Front panel of the 'OGS' virtual simulator subroutine in *'OPERATION OFF-NOMINAL MODE'* (Pressure in the canister is below norm.).

The line '*CURRENT STATUS*' displays '*NORMAL OPERATION*' or '*ONS*' inscriptions in the upper part of the control panel. The subroutine generates the following signals:


When the '*OFF-NORMAL SITUATION*' signal is displayed on the control panel of the 'PMM atmosphere' main routine the operator shall switch to the OGS subroutine control panel by pressing the key and jump to ONS localization operations.

As an example of OGS shutdown the ONS by the signal '*PRESSURE IN THE CANISTER BELOW NORM* (*CNP*)' is considered. The '*OFF-NORMAL OPERATION*' inscription and '*CNP*' inscription on the OGS control panel light up. To localize the ONS the operator shall press the '*ONS LOCALIZATION*' key on the OGS control panel.

The canister pressurization panel (Figure 13) opens and the operator carries out all the required operations to pressurize the canister.

Fig. 13. Control panel of the subroutine 'Canister pressurization'.

Then the operator shall return to the subroutine by pressing '*PANEL DOWN*' key. After ONS has been localized the operator shall put the system in operation by pressing the *'SYSTEM START-UP'* key and check the startup.

The program implementation of on-board the PMM and TCS syste ms virtual simulators is accomplished similar to that of the IRLSS system virtual simulators (Figure 14 and Figure 15).


Fig. 14. Control panel of the PSS VS.

Fig. 15. Control panel of the TCS VS.

550 Biomedical Science, Engineering and Technology

The line '*CURRENT STATUS*' displays '*NORMAL OPERATION*' or '*ONS*' inscriptions in the

When the '*OFF-NORMAL SITUATION*' signal is displayed on the control panel of the 'PMM atmosphere' main routine the operator shall switch to the OGS subroutine control panel by

As an example of OGS shutdown the ONS by the signal '*PRESSURE IN THE CANISTER BELOW NORM* (*CNP*)' is considered. The '*OFF-NORMAL OPERATION*' inscription and '*CNP*' inscription on the OGS control panel light up. To localize the ONS the operator shall

The canister pressurization panel (Figure 13) opens and the operator carries out all the

Then the operator shall return to the subroutine by pressing '*PANEL DOWN*' key. After ONS has been localized the operator shall put the system in operation by pressing the

The program implementation of on-board the PMM and TCS syste ms virtual simulators is accomplished similar to that of the IRLSS system virtual simulators (Figure 14 and Figure 15).

upper part of the control panel. The subroutine generates the following signals:

pressing the key and jump to ONS localization operations.

required operations to pressurize the canister.

press the '*ONS LOCALIZATION*' key on the OGS control panel.

Fig. 13. Control panel of the subroutine 'Canister pressurization'.

*'SYSTEM START-UP'* key and check the startup.

Fig. 14. Control panel of the PSS VS.

• a combined signal indicating the necessity of maintenance or ONS localization.

• current system status;

OGS-2 electrical trainer (ET) program implementation is for inculcating in crewmembers the practical skills in start-up, normal functioning, and shutdown, and in case of off-normal situations.

The ET (Figure 16) consists: an electrical operational breadboard of the liquid unit (LU); a post-purification unit; a signal and command synchronization unit (SCSU); a commutation unit; an Electron-VM monitoring and control unit implemented by an individual subroutine integrated in the HSCSOS software architecture.

Fig. 16. Electrical trainer of the OGS-2 system based on the Electron-VM standard system.

The ET architecture is based on a combination of the simulation model of functioning realized at the IWP, and standard system hardware. A set of existing units incorporated in the ET architecture is used due to availability, and necessity of carrying out manual operations on the standard system hardware. The signals generated by the sensors of the LU electrical breadboard, as well as the signals and commands are simulated on the IWP computer according to a control algorithm, then converted in the communication unit and enter the SCSU unit to be executed by the LU components.
