**13. References**


5. Lung Ventilation test, by monitoring lung volume by spirometry, for assessing lung ventilation and diagnosing lung disorders by means of lung ventilation index *LVPI-2*

6. Oral Glucose Tolerance test, to more reliably diagnose diabetes, by determining the

7. Noninvasive determination of arterial stiffness to detect arteriosclerosis, by ultrasound measurement of arterial dimensions and pulse wave velocity and auscultatory diastolic pressure, by means of the arteriosclerosis index *ART-NPI*, given

8. Noninvasive determination of (i) Aortic Pressure profile and (ii) Aortic normal vs disease state property in terms of the *Aortic number* given by equation (31), by monitoring the left ventricular outflow into the aorta and auscultatory diastolic and

9. Noninvasive determination of Mitral valve pathology, by (i) monitoring its vibrational frequency from the first heart sound spectrum, and its size parameter from 2-d echocardiogram, and (ii) employing this data to structure its *E\* vs. σ\** constitutive property (equations 36 and 37), and determine the alteration in the value of the

10. Characterization of Osteoporosis, by determining the ulna bone vibratory resonance

11. Quantitative determination of (i) the amount of infarcted myocardial segment of the heart from echo-texture analysis of 2-d echo cardiograms (figure 10), and (ii) associated outcome of LV dysfunction in terms of the intra-LV blood-flow velocity and pressure

*Together these tests and their associated NDPI (s) can provide more reliable medical assessment. What now needs to be done is (i) application of these tests to large patient populations, and (ii) determination of the ranges of NDPI (s) for normal and abnormal states of organs, physiological* 

*All of these tests can be employed in tertiary patient case, through the department of biomedical engineering (BME) in a tertiary-cave medical center. This makes a strong case for the institution of* 

[1] "Physiological Systems' Numbers in Medical Diagnosis and Hosipital Cost-effective

[2] *Applied Biomedical Engineering Mechanics*, by Dhanjoo N. Ghista, CRC press (Taylor & Francis Group) Baton Rouge Florida 334872-2742, ISNBN 978-0-8247-5831-8,2008 [3] Measures and indices of intrinsic characterization of cardiac dysfunction during filling

Operation", by Dhanjoo N. Ghista, in *Journal of Mechanics in Medicine & Biology*

& systolic ejection," by Liang Zhong, Dhanjoo N. Ghista,Eddie Y-K. Ng, Lim SooTeik and Chua Siang Jin, in *Journal of Mechanics in Medicine & Biology* 2005,

*BME departments in tertiary case medical centers, which will revolution therapy health care.* 

frequency, in terms of its flexural stiffness *EI*, given by equation (45).

(equation 12).

by equation (20).

systolic pressures.

distributions (figure 11).

*systems and anatomical structures.* 

2005, vol 4, No.4.

5(2):37-322.

**13. References** 

diabetes index *DBI*, given by equation (16).

constitutive index *m* given by equation (40).


[16] Detection of myocardial scars in neonatal infants form computerised echocardiographic

Smeenk, C. Manning, J. Cannon, *Engineering in Medicine*, Vol. 15, Vo.3, 1986 [17] Intrinsic Indices of the Left Ventricle as a Blood Pump in Normal and Infarcted Left

*Engineering*, Vol 9, July issue, 1987

texture analysis, by M.V Kamath, R.C Way, D.N. Ghista, T.M. Srinivasan, C. Wu, S

Ventricle, by K. Subbaraj, D.N. Ghista, and E. L. Fallen, in *J of Biomedical* 
