**13. Future technologies to detect botulinum neurotoxins**

The discussion herein has presented a general overview of methods currently being used to detect BoNTs. Many current methods to detect BoNTs in food and environmental matrices have been adapted from the clinical laboratory. New possibilities to consider, to name a few, could exploit the tools of nanotechnology, mHealth, and the use of mobile devices, the capability of miniaturization for even more sensitive and rapid detection of BoNTs. The application and practical use of these technologies might be valuable advancements to current methods to detect BoNTs.
