Nancy Malla and Kapil Goyal

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64137

#### **Abstract**

[57] Liu SJ, Kau YC, Liaw CW, Peng YJ. In vitro elution of vancomycin/amikacin/ steroid from solvent-free biodegradable scleral plugs. Int J Pharm 2009;370:75–80.

[58] Peng YJ, Kau YC, Wen CW, Liu SJ. Solvent-free biodegradable scleral plugs provid‐ ing sustained release of vancomycin, amikacin, and dexamethasone—an *in vivo*

[59] Nelson ML, Tennant MTS, Sivalingam A, et al. Infectious and presumed noninfec‐ tious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Retina

[60] Wiechens B, Neumann D, Grammer JB, Pleyer U, Hedderich J, Duncker GI. Retinal toxicity of liposome-incorporated and free ofloxacin after intravitreal injection in rab‐

[61] Foster RE, Martinez JA, Murray TG, Rubsamen PE, Flynn HW, Forster RK. Useful visual outcomes after treatment of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology

[62] Ferencz JR, Assia EI, Diamantstein L, Rubinstein E. Vancomycin concentration in the vitreous after intravenous and intravitreal administration for postoperative endoph‐

[63] Ferencz JR, Assia EI, Diamantstein L, Rubinstein E, Vancomycin concentration in the vitreous after intravenous and intravitreal administration for postoperative endoph‐

[64] Recchia FM, Busbee BG, Pearlman RB, Carvalho-Recchia CA, Ho AC. Changing trends in the microbiologic aspects of postcataract endophthalmitis. Arch Ophthal‐

[65] Lamaris GA, Esmaeli B, Chamilos G, et al. Fungal endophthalmitis in a tertiary care cancer center: a review of 23 cases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008;27:343–7. [66] Mathews AS, Pillai GS, Natasha R, Shetty M. Endogenous endophthalmitis – a re‐

[67] Fujii GY, De Juan E Jr, Humayun MS, et al. Initial experience using the transconjunc‐ tival sutureless vitrectomy system for vitreoretinal surgery. Ophthalmol

[68] Fine HF, Iranmanesh R, Iturralde D, Spaid RF. Outcomes of 77 consecutive cases of 23-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy surgery for posterior segment disease. Oph‐

study. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 2010;94:426–32.

bit eyes. Int Ophthalmol 1998–1999;22:133–43.

thalmitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:1023–7.

thalmitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:1023–7.

view. Kerala J Ophthalmol 2011;23:25–31.

2003;23:686–91.

40 Advances in Common Eye Infections

1996;103:390–7.

mol 2005;123:341–6.

2002;109:1814–20.

thalmol 2007; 114:1197–200.

Eyes are said to be the windows of body, by which this beautiful world is visualized. Hu‐ man eye has a unique structure and is vulnerable to numerous infections. Whenever ana‐ tomical structures are breached, host defenses come into play, but if infection is severe and not treated timely, it could lead to visual impairment or blindness. Parasitic infec‐ tions are considered, the significant causes of ophthalmic diseases worldwide. In this chapter, an overview of ocular parasitic infections (OPI) is detailed out, with an initial brief introduction followed by description of anatomy of the human eye and various de‐ fense mechanisms to provide better understanding of the parasitic infections affecting different parts of human eye. The last part includes individual details of various human ocular parasitic infections.

Ocular infections can be classified based on either the etiological agent or according to the anatomical site of infection. The parasitic etiological agents include mainly protozoa, hel‐ minths and ectoparasites. Due to the complex life cycles of parasites and their tendency to cause wide range of pathologic lesions, different parasites/parasitic infections have been addressed separately, including brief epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.

**Keywords:** Eye, parasitic infections, protozoa, nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, ectopar‐ asites
