**Author details**

florescent dye. An imaging system then measures the florescent light intensity that represents the length of each DNA fragment. Accompanied with the restriction enzyme site sequence, the length of each fragment is linked to form a single-molecule optical restriction map.

During chromosome assembly, the scaffold sequences can be converted to *in silico* restriction map. The location of the restriction enzyme digestion sequence and the distance between these sequences can then be used to assign scaffolds into chromosomes [39]. Using this approach, incorrect joining errors of contigs may be corrected to improve the current reference genome

**Figure 4.** Illustration of optic mapping technology. Genomic DNA is obtained from lysed cells and is loaded onto a chip-like channel-forming device. DNA molecules are stretched onto a positively changed glass surface by buffer fluid that flows through the channels. This step maintains the integrity and orientation of the DNA molecule for subsequent steps. The stretched and immobilized DNA molecules are digested with a restriction enzyme and subsequently stained with florescent dye. The florescent light intensity of each DNA fragment was imaged, and the images are analyzed to measure the size of DNA fragments. Using the restriction enzyme digestion site sequence and the distance between

Aquatic models are proven to be as important and useful as other animal models to study the etiology and progression of human disease. Aquatic models have gained the attention of funding agencies, and the overall research community using aquatic models has grown rapidly. This growth has resulted in the availability of genome and reference transcriptome resources. The aquatic genome models that were constructed in the past few years are available through NCBI or Ensembl with new updates constantly being made. Although problems persist in genome assembly of complicated structures, newer sequencing platforms, mapping technologies, and sequence assembly algorithms are expected to rapidly address these

digestion sites, a single-molecule restriction map can be generated to guide scaffold assignment.

problems and soon offer the community much improved resources.

**6. Conclusion**

continuity concurrent with scaffolds alignment into chromosomes.

76 Next Generation Sequencing - Advances, Applications and Challenges

Yuan Lu1\*, Yingjia Shen2 , Wesley Warren3 and Ronald Walter1

\*Address all correspondence to: y\_l54@txstate.edu

