**Author details**

acceptable contamination level for us might be 5% with reference to the genetically modified organism contamination in Japanese food. Thus, the values below 5% have a slight importance.

Saaz 30 mg 28.5 mg 27 mg 15 mg 0 mg Premiant 0 mg 1.5 mg 3 mg 15 mg 30 mg Detection of Premiant – ○ ○ ○ ○

Each sample was prepared by mixing pellets of two varieties in specified proportions by

The results obtained in the present study suggest that the SNP-combination method has high reliability as it utilizes the sequence data. Computational handling of SNP data can be easily carried out so that analysis among many varieties could be easily performed with digital information. Other SNPs identified in the future could be used as additional identification markers. Therefore, using this method, enhancement of accuracy and repeatability in the

As SNP-rich DNA regions are only 0.6–1.5 kb in size, they are much less likely to be damaged during the processing of hop products. However, upon degradation and fragmentation of the SNP-rich regions, newly designed primers for the shorter fragments generated might be useful for the amplification of the fragments and may contain several useful SNPs which can be used

The SNP-based information could be also used for quantitative determination of the ratio of variety mixture. In the future, more accurate results will be obtained by using quantitative real-time PCR and/or NGS, which may provide a huge amount of sequence data and increase

I appreciate the technical support and advice offered by Dr. Toshiya Yamamoto (National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Japan), Dr. Jun Onodera (Operon Biotechnologies, K.K., Eurofins Genomics, Japan), Dr. Eiichiro Ono (Research Institute, Suntory Global Inno‐

variety identification could be accomplished in a relatively simple manner.

**Table 7.** Preparation of the 2-variety mixtures and results obtained for each sample.

**3. Conclusions and future directions**

338 Next Generation Sequencing - Advances, Applications and Challenges

as identification markers.

**Acknowledgements**

vation Center Limited, Japan), and my collaborators.

reliability.

1 2 3 4 5 0% 5% 10% 50% 100%

Proportion of Premiant as a

contaminant

weight.

Hiromasa Yamauchi\*

Address all correspondence to: Hiromasa\_Yamauchi@suntory.co.jp

Suntory Business Expert Ltd, Kawasaki, Japan
