S.O. Sadashiv and Basappa B. Kaliwal

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/61479

#### **Abstract**

Resistance is the result of bacteria evolving new genes in response to the presence of pes‐ ticide and antibiotics. In our society day by day, a number of chemicals, pesticides, and antibiotics are introducing due to the result of resistance development of bacteria. Pesti‐ cides are added to the environment for the purpose of killing or injuring some form of life. Pesticide resistance describes the decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a pesticide that was previously effective at controlling the pest. Bacteria have been used ex‐ tensively for bioremediation purposes. The ability of organisms to bioremediate pesti‐ cides is mainly based on their biodegradation activity. Methomyl and imidacloprid are widely using throughout the world as a pesticide. Many pesticide degradation genes present in soil bacteria have been shown to reside on plasmids or genome, a common lo‐ cation for other degradation genes. The excessive use of pesticides and antibiotic leads and promotes the development of resistance in the bacteria. An increase in the frequency of antibiotic resistance in bacteria since the 1950s has been observed for all major classes of antibiotics used to treat a wide variety of diseases. Development of resistance is a ma‐ jor concern for another reason of human and animal health. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates must be done earlier to the use of antibiotics in both to choose appropriate antibiotic for treatment and prevention of the disease. Research into newer antibiotics continues, measures can and should be taken to reverse the practices that promote the de‐ velopment of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

**Keywords:** Resistance, pesticide, methomyl, imidacloprid, antibiotic

## **1. Introduction**

Resistance is the result of bacteria evolving new genes in response to the presence of pesticides and antibiotics, as a result the bacteria will be capable of remain in the surround‐ ings. A number of xenobiotics and antibiotics are introducing due to the result of the resistance development of bacteria. The productive use of any therapeutic agent is conceded

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by the potential development of tolerance or resistance to that compound from the time it is first applied. These remains very true for the agents are used in the treatment of parasitic and microbial infections and for the treatment of chronic disorders like cancer and diabetes, and it apply to conditions caused or suffered by any living organisms, including plants, insects, humans, animals, fish, etc. Many changes in physiological and biochemical mechanisms may be responsible for the incidence of resistance. In the case of antimicrobi‐ al agents and insecticides, the specific complexity of the developments that contributes to the emergence and spreading of resistance cannot be overemphasized, and also, some‐ time lack of basic information and knowledge on these issues is one of the major pri‐ mary reasons that there has been very much slight significant achievement in the effective prevention and control of resistance development in the organisms [1]
