**Acknowledgements**

plants could act as antinutritional factors, thereby reducing the bioavailability of important nutrients and the nutritional value of the food. According to Kokhar and Apenten [51], this effect is present a result of a selected adaptive mechanism due to a "chemical warfare" between

**Figure 3.** KEGG Pathway database diagrams presenting: (A) Inositol Metabolism; (B) Galactose Metabolism, showing the Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (highlighted in red). Green Box: enzymes with transcriptional modulation data available from stress assays. Red Box: enzymes without transcriptional modulation data available in the literature. Yel‐

Among the various Ins-derivatives, phytic acid (1-D-myo-inositol-P6; Figure 1) is the most studied, concerning the impacts on human and animal health. Its unique structure provides the ability to chelate cations such as iron, zinc, potassium, magnesium, and copper, forming

higher plants and herbivorous pests.

92 Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

low Box: enzymes not covered in this review.

The authors thank CNPq (National Council of Technological and Scientific Development – process number 454112/2014-9) for financial support. JRCFN thanks to CAPES (InterSis Network – Biocomp Project) for the fellowship granted. EAK thanks to CNPq for the fellowship granted.
