**6. Populations evaluated and plant management**

agreement with the Zary and Miller Jr [70] method, described by Teófilo et al. [71], who reported that the success of this method could be because the surface of the emasculated flowers are more receptive to pollen grains in the late afternoon, since, in this period, the

**Figure 3.** Greenish flowers with flower from left in pre-anthesis stage (A); cut of standard in medium region (B); re‐ moval of the standard (C); removal of the anthers (D); application of pollen viable (E); successful pollination and pod

formation (F).

temperature and moisture conditions are more appropriate.

570 Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

After hybridizations (Figure 4), the hybrid seeds were multiplied to obtain the F2, BC1, and BC2 generations. In each pot, only one seed was placed. In this study, containers with capacity of 3 L containing holes in bottom were used, aiming to drain the excess water. The substrate was composed of a mixture of Plantmax® and sand in 3:1 ratio (v/v). Fertilization was performed according to exigencies of cowpea crop and previous substrate analysis, with the fertilization applied at regular intervals of 15 days until the 45th day after implementation experiment.

**Figure 4.** Scheme to obtain six populations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) from crosses between LP 97-28 (low tolerance to drought) × IPR-Uirapuru (high tolerance to drought).
