**Abiotic Stress Alleviation with Brassinosteroids in Plant Roots**

Sevgi Marakli and Nermin Gozukirmizi

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/61336

#### **Abstract**

[9] Han Y, Luo Y, Qin S, Xi L, Wan B, Du L.: Induction of systemic acquired resistance against tobacco mosaic virus by Ningnanmycin in tobacco. Pestic Biochem Physiol.

[10] Carella P, Isaacs M, Cameron RK.: Plasmodesmata-located protein overexpression negatively impacts the manifestation of systemic acquired resistance and the longdistance movement of Defective in Induced Resistance1 in *Arabidopsis*. Plant Biology.

[11] Sherwood RT, Berg CC, Hoover MR, Zeiders KE.: Illusions in visual assessment of

[12] Ádám A, Barna B, Farkas T, Király Z.: Effect of TMV-induced systemic acquired re‐ sistance and removal of the terminal bud on membrane lipids of tobacco leaves.

[13] Sherwood RT.: Weibull distribution of lesion size in the *Stagonospora* leaf spot of or‐

[14] Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW: NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image

[15] R Development Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical comput‐ ing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2012. ISBN

[16] Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfall P.: Simultaneous inference in general parametric mod‐

[17] Herberich E, Sikorski J, Hothorn T.: A robust procedure for comparing multiple means under heteroscedasticity in unbalanced designs. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e9788. doi:

[18] Long JS, Ervin LH.: Using heteroscedasticity consistent standard errors in the linear

[19] MacKinnon JG, White H.: Some heteroscedasticity consistent covariance with im‐

[20] Holmes FO.: Inheritance of resistance to tobacco-mosaic disease in tobacco. Phytopa‐

proved finite sample properties. Journal of Econometrics. 1985;29:53–57.

*Stagonospora* leaf spot of orchardgrass. Phytopathology. 1983;73:173–177.

2014;111:14–18.

2015;17:395–401.

Plant Science. 1990;66:173–179.

chardgrass. Phytopathology. 1987;77:715–717.

3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/.

regression model. American Statistician. 2000;54:217–224

analysis, Nature Methods. 2012;9:671–675.

372 Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

els. Biometrical J. 2008;50:346–363.

10.1371/journal.pone.0009788.

thology. 1938;28:553–561.

This chapter covers the advances in establishment and optimization of brassinoste‐ roids (BRs) in the alleviation of abiotic stresses such as water, salinity, temperature, and heavy metals in plant system, especially roots. Plant roots regulate their develop‐ mental and physiological processes in response to various internal and external stim‐ uli. Studies are in progress to improve plant root adaptations to stress factors. BRs are a group of steroidal hormones that play important roles in a wide range of develop‐ mental phenomena, and recently they became an alleviation agent for stress tolerance in plants. This review is expected to provide a resource for researchers interested in abiotic stress alleviation with BRs.

**Keywords:** Water stress, salt stress, temperature stress, heavy metal stress
