**Stress Responsive Non-protein Coding RNAs**

Agata Tyczewska, Kamilla Bąkowska-Żywicka, Joanna Gracz and Tomasz Twardowski

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/61347

#### **Abstract**

Environmental or growth conditions are constantly influencing the development and ma‐ turation of organisms. To ensure precise control of gene expression under these normal as well as stress conditions, organisms developed very accurate molecular regulatory mechanisms at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Key roles of small noncod‐ ing RNAs (miRNAs and siRNAs) in regulation of gene expression are no longer astonish‐ ing us nor are constantly emerging new classes of non-protein coding RNAs (tRNAderived small RNAs, snoRNA-derived small RNAs, mRNA-derived small RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs). Although there is evidence of involvement of those various classes of noncoding RNAs in response to stress conditions, in most cases, we are still lacking basic information on their targets and interplay between different regulatory pathways. In this review, we focus on "canonical" and "noncanonical" noncoding RNAs and their involvement in abiotic stress responses.

**Keywords:** Noncoding RNAs, abiotic stress, crops, yeast
