**The Transcriptional Modulation of Inositols and Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides Pathways in Plants — An (A)Biotic Stress Perspective**

José Ribamar Costa Ferreira Neto, Amanda Cordeiro de Melo Souza, Manassés Daniel da Silva, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon, Valesca Pandolfi, Antônio Félix da Costa and Ederson Akio Kido

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/61341

#### **Abstract**

[64] X. Yu, J. Yang, X. Li, X. Liu, C. Sun, F. Wu, and Y. He, "Global analysis of cis-natural antisense transcripts and their heat-responsive nat-siRNAs in Brassica rapa," *BMC*

[65] S. Li, J. Liu, Z. Liu, X. Li, F. Wu, and Y. He, "Heat-induced TAS1 TARGET1 mediates thermotolerance via heat stress transcription factor A1a-directed pathways in Arabi‐

[66] M. Xin, Y. Wang, Y. Yao, C. Xie, H. Peng, Z. Ni, Q. Sun, "Diverse set of microRNAs are responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress in wheat (*Triticum aesti‐*

[67] A. Stief, S. Altmann, K. Hoffmann, B. D. Pant, W.-R. Scheible, and I. Bäurle, "Arabi‐ dopsis miR156 regulates tolerance to recurring environmental stress through SPL

transcription factors," Plant Cell, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1792–1807, 2014.

*Plant Biol.*, vol. 13, p. 208, 2013.

80 Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

dopsis," *Plant Cell*, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1764–1780, 2014.

*vum* L.), " *BMC Plant Biol*., vol. 10, p. 123, 2010.

Among the multifunctional molecules that participate in processes of plant tolerance/ resistance to stresses, inositol (Ins) and its derivatives (phosphorylated, methylated, oxy‐ genated, and Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides) have attracted the attention of research‐ ers. These compounds represent versatile and dynamic signaling molecules and osmolytes in all eukaryotes. Due to the impacts related to Ins and its derivatives in a plant cell, assays have been conducted to understand how these biomolecules affect plant physiology. Thus, overexpression or knockout of Ins-related genes has been shown as in‐ teresting strategies for generating more efficient plants capable of growing under stress conditions. In this chapter, studies using molecular tools are presented, and the impacts of their results are discussed based on the plant stress tolerance/resistance. Furthermore, an informative panel is provided with transcriptional modulation of genes related to Ins and its derivatives expressed in plants under stress. There is a gap involving about two dozen enzymes associated with the synthesis of Ins-related compounds that have not been adequately studied, and they represent an area of high biotechnological potential.

**Keywords:** Transgeny, tolerance, resistance, biotechnology
