*4.2.4.4. By rotary braiding method*

Schneider et al. [91] developed a method and machine to make a 3D braided fabric which has multiple axial yarn networks and braider yarns. The method is called 3D rotary braiding which is similar to Tsuzuki's rotor braiding. Figure 37 shows the flat and circular 3D axial braiding machine. The machine is equipped with horn gears that can be activated individually by a servo motor. A clutch-brake mechanism controls the step and rotation of individual horn gears, axial yarn guide and braider carrier. If desired, a computer-aided design (CAD) tool can be added to produce different shapes and cross sections. In addition, this method employs

**Figure 36.** Schematic view of the 3D axial braiding by 2-step braiding [74].

individually controlled gripping forks, which can quickly move yarn carriers between the horn gears according to a pre-determined pattern [97].
