**4.4. Application for jute geotextile application**

Jute needle-punched nonwoven has been successfully used as reinforcing material in the construction of rural road in Guptipara, Hooghly, West Bengal, India. There are also examples of using jute geotextile on river bank protection. The bank was first cut to a suitable slope of 300 , approximately same as the angle of internal friction of the bank soil. The surface was levelled and made free from angular projections, undulations, soil slurry, and mud. JGT rolls were unrolled and placed along the slope from top down to the lowest water level. Care was taken to see that JGT was laid with the overlapping in the direction of water flow. More rolls were rolled along the length of the bank and two layers of same area/fabric density were placed one upon the other with sufficient overlap. JGT was fixed to the bank with the help of bamboo pegs in either direction. Care was taken to ensure that JGT does not suffer damage due to puncture, tear, and similar operational stresses and it touches the bank slope at all points (proper drapability). Suitable grass seeds were then spread on the treated bank for better stabilization. The growth of grass was observed at 15-day intervals by determining the average number of seedlings per unit area and the average length of grass [31].

## **4.5. Application for jute-based needle-punched nonwoven in garment**

In the manufacturing of warm garments like jackets, very fine jute-polypropylene fibreblended needle-punched nonwoven of 90 g/m2 as inner lining material can produce good thermal insulating property. Due to very poor strength of 90 g/m2 reinforced cotton gauge cloth of 20g/m2 , produce sufficient strength for easy handling during manufacturing process of the garment. The five repetitive washing of jacket made of jute-polypropylene fibre blended needle-punched nonwoven used as inner lining material and outer material is of jute-polyester and cotton blended union fabric shows no significant change on its performances.
