**2.1. Viscosity**

electrostatic force and surface tension force. Liu et al. [17] demonstrated this tug of war process

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Figure 2 as the above

Figure 2

**Figure 2.** Number of published papers and patents containing the concept of the "electrospinning" process searched for

Proof Corrections Form

1.Final Chapter Title:Electrospinning Technology inNon-Woven Fabric Manufacturing

2. Author details: Scientific Title: Dr Full Name:Haoyi Li Affiliation:

Position:Postdoctor Scientific Title: Dr, Professor Full Name: Weimin Yang

Position: Lab Director

Affiliation:

36 Non-woven Fabrics

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Beijing University of Chemical Technology

Beijing University of Chemical Technology

Non-woven fabrics produced by nanofibers may have eliminated the falling out of short fibers

1

**Figure 3.** Schematic process of (a) industrial melt spinning, (b) melt electrospinning, and (c) tug of war [17].

by a simulation method of dissipative particle dynamics.

and hence avoid some potential pollution of nanomaterials.

Viscosity of the polymer melt or solution has a great effect on spinnability. Over a certain range, decreasing viscosity contributes to better spinnability, and smaller fiber diameter. The viscosity of the electrospun materials must be within a certain range (for solution electrospin‐ ning, it is commonly 5–20 Pa.s, while for melt electrospinning, it is commonly 20–200 Pa.s [18]). If the solution viscosity is lower than a certain value, some microspheres may be electrically ejected onto the fabrics because of insufficient chain entanglement [19]. They would then melt with a low viscosity due to a very low molecular weight and would also be unable to produce fiber. Commonly, polymer melt or solutions with high viscosity produce thick fiber, while a modified material with a viscosity reducer [20] or surfactant [21] can produce a relatively small fiber. For example, in order to prepare fiber smaller than 1 µm by melt electrospinning, researchers have tried a variety of methods to reduce the melt viscosity – including using plasticizer and conductive additives [22-23].
