**3. Padding bandage**

lead to certain complications during treatment [25, 28]. Low pressure will not have the benefit of external compression, and very high pressure impedes the arterial flow, which can cause discomfort. The optimal pressure necessary to overcome venous hypertension is not well known, but an external pressure of 35–40 mmHg at the ankle is necessary to prevent capillary

Several important factors must be present for a health practitioner to use compression systems, like knowing how to use different products, knowing the best available compression modal‐ ities available for the treatment, being able to identify the aetiology of the ulcer, and the willingness of the patient to agree to the commencement of compression treatment and for this to be sustained. Today, there exist several modes of compression devices. Table 1 lists some of the most common devices used for providing pressure. The basic constructions are woven or knitted. Woven construction consists of two sets of perpendicular yarns (also known as warp and weft yarns) that are interlaced together with the help of weaving process. Knitted

Nonwoven is not used for generating compression. But it does play a very important role in compression and comfort management, which is discussed in the next section. Nonwoven is commonly used for the preparation of padding material for the multi-layer compression bandaging system. In a multi-layer compression system, there exist several layers of fabrics in

**•** *Wound contact layer:* It directly touches with wound portion of the skin and provides

**•** *Absorbent padding bandage:* It is applied from ankle to knee using a simple spiral technique

**•** *Compression bandage:* This is used over the padding layer. Its main function is to provide compression. It is applied from the ankle to the knee, using a figure of eight technique at

√ Need to be applied by well-trained physicians

√ Pressure variation and no measurement

√ Different stocking for different legs

√ Requires immobility for a few hours/day

and nurses

√ Difficult to put in

√ Expensive, noisy, bulky

construction consists of intersecting loops that are produced by a knitting process.

exudation in legs affected by chronic venous insufficiency [11, 26].

**2.2. Treatment Modalities – Need for Different Textile Materials**

**Medical Device Advantages Disadvantages**

√ Recommended for high level of compression

√ Suitable for low pressure (20–40 mmHg)

√ Effective for immobile patients

and 50% overlap. This chapter primarily focus on this layer.

√ Pressure can be adjusted

(35–80 mmHg)

*Stocking* √ No trained physicians required

*Bandage* √ Maintained compression

*Extremity pump* √ Augment venous return

**Table 1.** Pressure devices

166 Non-woven Fabrics

addition to compression layer:

antimicrobial benefits.

50% extension.
