**1. Introduction**

Two of the properties of nonwoven fabrics that have justified previous use in medical products are economic viability in single-use scenarios and reliable performance [1]. The design and

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performance characteristics of these products—which come into close contact with the human body—are driven by their end use, which determines the desired function and barrier, absorption, and strength properties, and the fact that any chemical additives need to be biocompatible. Nonwoven products remain the component of choice for providing appropri‐ ate protection because of their ability to create barriers due to either the structure of the nonwoven material itself or an additional active coating for personal protective apparel. Nonwoven materials are also beginning to play a role in extracorporeal devices, such as artificial lungs, hearts, and kidneys, as well as in ligament repairs and other skeletal scaffolds, yet these uses are still rare compared with their other uses [2].

Radiotherapy is one of the strategies used against several cancers, and X-ray or particle beams are mainly used for cancer treatment. Particle therapy, exhibiting more focused effects on target tissues, has emerged as a promising treatment modality. Several systematic reviews associated with proton or carbon-ion beam therapy discuss the extensive use of particle therapy to treat various malignant tumors, including chordoma, ocular melanoma, and prostate cancer [3–5]. Several studies have indicated the efficacy of proton therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma or pancreatic cancer [6–9]. However, in certain cases, it is difficult to deliver curative doses of radiation to treat upper abdominal tumors without damaging adjacent radiosensitive organs, such as the duodenum, jejunum, and stomach. To overcome these anatomical difficulties and to deliver effective radiation doses to treat upper abdominal tumors, nonwoven fabric barriers have been applied as spacers to separate tumors and adjacent organs [10, 11].
