Preface

Chapter 10 **Damage Prediction in Woven and Non-woven Fabric**

Masoud Haghi Kashani and Abbas S. Milani

Chapter 11 **Technologies Involved in the Manufacture of Smart**

Chapter 12 **Design, Development, Characterization, and Application of Jute-based Needle-Punched Nonwoven 277**

Chapter 13 **Nanotechnology Formulations and Modeling of Hydraulic**

Izabella Krucińska, Ewa Skrzetuska, Beata Surma and Eulalia

**Permeability Improvement for Nonwoven Geotextiles 297**

**Composites 233**

Gliścińska

**VI** Contents

Sanjoy Debnath

Han-Yong Jeon

**Nonwoven Fabrics 263**

Non-woven fabrics are known as the best-characterized embedded materials which can be applied to manufacture the composites in the convergent industry field and manufacturing process is highly specified and differentiated with raw fibers, manufacturing process, char‐ acteristics and performance evaluation, end-use etc.

Especially, application range of non-woven fabrics is extended to all the industrial fields needless to say apparel, such as ICT (information and communication technology), bio- and medicals, automobiles, architectures, construction and environmental. This is due to the var‐ ious and special manufacturing technology of non-woven fabrics to adopt diversified fiber selection and grafting of high-convergence technology.

For outlook of non-woven fabrics, it is possible that cultural-creative consumers think before and after the "point of consumption" if LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health And Sustainability) is linked to eco-environmental concept and design. Non-woven fabrics with thin film can be applied to make the hybrid and convergence products which have a functionalized and tai‐ lor-made performance for biomimetics application. Besides this, non-woven fabrics can take charge of a green climate environmental constitution that can be practicable to control micro mechanism and establishment of nature circulation system, including pollution-purificationrecollection process by using nanofibers.

In this text, overall stream from raw fibers to final products is included to features of manu‐ facturing and finish process with specialized application end use. Every chapter is related to the important and convergent fields with the technical application purpose from down‐ stream to upstream fields. Also, applicability of non-woven fabrics is introduced to be based on the structural analysis of dimensional concept and various non-woven fabrics as a stateof-art embedded convergent material are emphasized in all industry fields by using nanofib‐ ers and carbon fibers.

Finally, we expect the meaningful role of this text as a part of convergence materials and sincerely thank to all authors who wrote the precious manuscripts. Also, we deeply appreci‐ ate the effort of Publishing Process Manager Ms. Sandra Bakic and to whom it may concern in the InTech.

#### **Professor Han-Yong Jeon**

GeoSynthetics Research Laboratory (GSRL), Technical Organic Materials Research Laboratory (TOMRL), Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Inha University, South Korea
