*4.2.4.2. By 4-step braiding method*

Figure 35 shows the required matrix setting for braider carriers and axial yarns so as to form a 3D fabric having 1×1 pattern. The steps involved are the following: The first step is sequential and the reversal movement of the braider carriers in the column direction (b). The second step is sequential and the reversal movement of the braider carriers placed on the rapier in the row direction (c). The third step is again sequential and the reversal movement of the braider carriers in the column direction (d). The fourth step is again sequential and the reversal movement of the braider carriers placed the rapier in the row direction (e). The number of these steps can be adjusted regarding the desired fabric length. More braider carriers and axial yarn may be used if the preform dimensions are to be increased [75].

**Figure 35.** Three-dimensional axial braided preform fabrication principles (steps a-e) [75].
