**4. Application of jute-based needle-punched nonwoven**

Needle punched nonwoven are mostly used in various applications. Jute itself is popular for application in the packaging industry and in carpet industry as carpet backing material. However, the jute-based needle-punched nonwoven find its application in geotextile, agro‐ textile, composite reinforcing material, sound insulating material, air filter, carpet, thermal insulating material, etc. as per as the agricultural application is concerned; it is mostly used as mulching material, thermal insulating material for control soil temperature, soil moisture control material, cannel lining material, horticultural nursery pot, etc. some of the promising applications and case studies are covered below.
