**4. Oophoritis and salpingitis**

After abdominal surgery or peritonitis, infectious inflammation of the ovaries (oophoritis) with abscessation and peritoneal adhesions may occur. Oophoritis could be a consequence of repeated transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration [101, 102]. Affected mares present abdominal pain, anorexia, fever of unknown origin, and weight loss. Transrectal ultrasonography can help in the diagnosis of these infections. For the extend evaluation of the lesions and confirmation of the diagnosis, laparoscopy may be achieved. Ovariectomy is usually required for treatment of this condition [103]. Although it is rare in the mare, salpingitis may result from ascending infection of *Chlamydia* spp. as *Chlamidiaabortus* and *Chlamidia psittaci* after partum [74]. Salpingitis has been described in mares with CEM. Bilateral salpin‐ gitis in mares results in sterility [103].
