**7. Spread**

### **7.1 Canada**

Since it was first identified in 1987, SCN has been identified in 12 counties in Ontario, Canada. Infected counties include Essex, Kent, Lambton, Elgin, Perth, Haldimand-Norfolk, Middlesex, Glengarry, Prescott, Stormont, Huron and Oxford. It is obvious that *H. glycines* has been spreading north and northeast wards (Fig. 5). It would be difficult to exclude the possibility that climate change is the cause, or at least one of the causes. This finding proves what Boland et al. 2004 has predicated. It is likely to spread along the St. Lawrence seaway towards the Maritime provinces as new cultivars suitable for the cold climate being developed and planted in the region.

Fig. 5. Distribution of *Heterodera glycines* in Ontario, Canada from 1987 to 2007 (insert B: soybean growing area in Ontario).
