**5. Conclusion**

Although the maternal intake of a diet containing trans fatty acid in replacement of soybean oil have not changed the body weight in the early postpartum period of the pups, it influenced negatively both somatic and reflex development. Recently, there is an increase in the level of interest in fatty acids and lipids. This interest is not limited to brain biochemistry, but also to the effects of levels and ratios of fatty acids on physiological and behavioral aspects. For these reasons, more research is warranted regarding the influence of maternal dietary on the fatty acid composition of the breast milk and their effects on body composition, the development of overweight and behavior changes later in life of rat pups.

### **6. Acknowledgements**

This publication was made possible in part by support from the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pró-Reitoria para Assuntos de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação (PROPESQ). The authors gratefully acknowledge the invaluable assistance of Dr. Edeones França for the animal care.

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Are Protective Against Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Risk


**6** 

*1Romania 2Japan* 

**Inhibition of Soybean Lipoxygenases –** 

*1Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research Development Institute* 

Lipoxygenases (EC 1.13.11.12, linoleate:oxygen, oxidoreductases, LOXs) which are widely found in plants, fungi, and animals, are a large monomeric protein family with non-heme, non-sulphur, iron cofactor containing dioxygenases that catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as substrate with at least one 1*Z*, 4*Z*-pentadiene moiety such as linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acid to yield hydroperoxides (Gardner, 1991).

Theorell et al. (1947) succeeded in crystallizing and characterizing lipoxygenase (LOX) from soybeans and since then among plant LOXs, soybean lipoxygenase isozyme 1 (LOX-1) can be regarded as the mechanistic paradigm for these nonheme iron dioxygenases (Coffa et al.,

Designing agents to modulate activities of the variety of so closely homologous enzymes, such as different LOXs, require an intimate knowledge of their 3D structures, as well as information about metabolism of the potential xeno- or endobiotics. So far only the structures of soybean isozymes LOX-1 and LOX-3 have been determined for native enzymes, and several structures of their and rabbit 15-LOX (from reticulocytes) molecular complexes with inhibitors are known. Due to lack of sufficiently purified human enzymes most of the structural research has

Fig. 1. Lipoxygenase substrates, linoleic, α- linolenic and arachidonic acid.

2005; Minor et al., 1996; Fiorucci et al., 2008).

been done on soybean LOX (Skrzypczak-Jankun et al., 2003).

**1. Introduction** 

**Structural and Activity Models for the** 

**Lipoxygenase Isoenzymes Family** 

*2Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shimane University,* 

Veronica Sanda Chedea1 and Mitsuo Jisaka2

*for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA),* 

