**Part 2**

**Modern Processing Technologies** 

264 Recent Trends for Enhancing the Diversity and Quality of Soybean Products

Triplett Jr., G.B. and Dick, W.A. (2008) No-Tillage Crop Production: A Revolution in

Troeh, Z.I. and Loynachan, T.E. (2003) Endomycorrhizal Fungal Survival in Continuous

Varvel, G. E. and Wilhelm, W.W. (2003) Soybean Nitrogen Contribution to Corn and

van Kessel C. and Hartley, C. (2000) Agricultural Management of Grain Legumes: Has It

Wright, A.L. and Hons, F.M. (2004) Soil Aggregation and Carbon and Nitrogen Storage

Xing, L. and Westphal, A. (2009) Effects of Crop Rotation of Soybean with Corn on Severity

Zhang, B.Q., Chen, W.D. and Yang, X.B. (1998) Occurrence of *Pythium* Species in Long-Term

Research, Vol. 102, No. 12, (December 1998) pp. 1450–1452, ISSN 0953-7562. Zhang, F., Lynch, D. and Smith D. L. (1995) Impact of Low Root Temperatures in Soybean

Experimental Botany, Vol. 35, No. 3 (July 1995) pp. 279–285, ISSN 0098-8472

ISSN 0002-1962

224-230, ISSN 0002-1962

117, ISSN 1378-7290

(September 2003) pp. 1220-1225, ISSN 0002-1962

68, No. 2 (March 2004) pp. 507 - 513, ISSN 0361-5995

(March 2000) pp. 165–181, ISSN 1378-7290

Agriculture! Agronomy Journal, Vol. 100, Supplement, (May 2008) pp. 153–165,

Corn, Soybean, and Fallow. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 95, No. 1, (January 2003) pp.

Sorghum in Western Corn Belt Rotations. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 95, No. 5,

Led to an Increase in Nitrogen Fixation? Field Crops Research, Vol. 65, No. 2-3,

under Soybean Cropping Sequences. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol.

of Sudden Death Syndrome and Population Densities of *Heterodera glycines* in Naturally Infested Soil. Field Crops Research, Vol. 112, No. 1, (April 2009) pp. 107-

Maize and Soybean Monoculture and Maize/Soybean Rotation. Mycological

(*Glycine max* (L.) Merr.) on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation. Environmental and

**13** 

*Brazil* 

Rogério de Paula Lana *Universidade Federal de Viçosa* 

**Rationality in the Use of Non Renewable** 

The increase in human population and the demand for life quality have induced the growing production of food and alternative vegetal energy sources in replacement to petrol. Soybean responds to more than 80% of biodiesel production, and will reach 5% inclusion in the fossil diesel in the next years in Brazil. This trend will increase pressure to new areas for soybean production on actually human food production areas, as well on pasture and

The progress of agriculture has been based on increase in animals and plants productivity per unit of area, which only has application when land availability is the sole limiting factor. However, the efficiency of use of limiting resources (including water, fertilizers and petrol) has to be considered. This mistaken vision is leading to excessive use of non renewable natural resources and environmental pollution. The reserves of phosphate in the world that can be explored at low cost are enough for 40 to 100 years and the world reserves of potassium are enough for 50 to 200 years. The situation is worse for micronutrients, in which the reserves of copper and zinc are enough for 60 years, manganese for 35 years and

selenium for 55 years (Herring & Fantel, 1993; Roberts & Stewart, 2002; Aaron, 2005).

In addition to the depletion of natural reserves, the excessive use of fertilizers can contribute to soil and water courses contamination with nitrate (Angus, 1995; Bumb, 1995), soil acidification (Helyar & Poter, 1989), and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia to the atmosphere. The pollution with nitrate has being an actual preoccupation in Europe and North America. The fertilization with phosphorus and nitrogen cause decrease in water oxygenation by excessive increase in the population of

The agriculture participates in 20% of annual increase in the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases, mainly CH4 and N2O. Approximately 70% of all anthropogenic emission of N2O is attributed to agriculture. The current methodology used in Canada to estimate the flow of N2O is based in the direct relation between the emission of N2O and the application

The possible deleterious effects of emissions of N2O are global warming and catalytic destruction of the ozone chain in the stratosphere, in which the N2O retains 13 times more heat than methane (CH4) and 270 times more than CO2 (Granli & Bockman, 1994). The atmospheric level of N2O has increased in growing fashion since 1960, associated with

increase in utilization of nitrogen fertilizers (Bumb, 1995; Strong, 1995).

**1. Introduction** 

untouched forests areas.

toxic algae in the oceans (Kebreab et al., 2002).

of nitrogen fertilizers (Lemke et al., 1998).

**Natural Resources in Agriculture** 
