**Abbreviations**

**6. Outcomes**

276 Recent Advances in Liver Diseases and Surgery

intervention is indicated.

The most frequent complications encountered in the treatment of the simple hepatic cysts are hemorrhage and infection of the residual cavity. Recurrence of the hepatic cystic mass in the same location must be differentially interpreted based on the previous treatment, elapsed time

In case of early recurrence of the hepatic cystic mass after percutaneous treatment, absence of malignancy criteria and symptoms, the treatment may vary from simple observation by US

In case of early recurrence of hepatic cystic mass of similar size after percutaneous sclerother‐ apy or laparoscopic fenestration and malignancy criteria absence, the treatment may vary from percutaneous treatment to open surgery. An intracystic hematoma should be suspected as a cause of hepatic mass persistence especially when it is associated with inflammatory and/or internal hemorrhage symptoms. Percutaneous drainage is the first choice in the treatment of hematoma. In case of active bleeding and/or hemodynamic instability, emergency surgical

If the patient develops symptoms of infection associated with the persistence of hepatic cystic mass, hepatic abscess should be suspected as a complication and antibiotic treatment should be initiated empirically followed by further adjustments depending on bacterial cultures. If the symptoms persist and localization of the abscess permits, the percutaneous drainage is advisable. If the symptoms do not remit under antibiotics or the percutaneous drainage is not

**Figure 24.** CT for central hepatic serous cyst (segments IV, V VII) (A) with recurrence after 3 months (B), having similar

from the treatment, histological type and size of the cyst, and existing symptoms.

scan to surgical treatment, based on the patient's consent.

feasible, the patient must be referred to surgery.

size and causing the same symptoms to the patient

