**2. Epidemiology, prevalence and incidence**

Historically, CFRD was typically only seen in paediatric practice as a pre-terminal complica‐ tion in those with advanced respiratory failure. It remains relatively rare in children under the age of 10 (2), affects less than 5% of individuals during their early teen years, but the inci‐ dence rises exponentially with age, occurring in approximately 20% of adolescents and up to 50% of individuals in theirfourth decade. The average age of onset for CFRD is 18-21 years (12).

Furthermore,itis estimatedthat 70-90%of all adultCFpatientswillhave somedegreeofglucose intolerance and therefore dysglycaemia is the commonest co-morbidity that complicates care in adult CF and its prevalence is likely to increase further as life expectancy continues to rise.

In addition to age, other factors associated with an increased incidence of CFRD are severity of CFTR mutation, poor pulmonary function, low BMI, pancreatic insufficiency, liver dysfunc‐ tion, and corticosteroid use (5, 7, 13, 14).
