Preface

Chapter 8 **HRTEM Study on Resistive Switching ZrO2 Thin Films and Their**

**Section 3 Transmission Electron Microscopy for Biological Samples 191**

Chapter 9 **Transmission Electron Microscopy of Biological Samples 193** Łukasz Mielańczyk, Natalia Matysiak, Olesya Klymenko and

Chapter 10 **Observation of Viruses, Bacteria, and Fungi in Clinical Skin**

**Samples under Transmission Electron Microscopy 241** Yuping Ran, Wengying Hu, Kaiwen Zhuang, Mao Lu, Jinghong Huang, Fengni Xu, Xiaoxi Xu, Xia Hua, Jebina Lama, Xin Ran, Yalin

Chapter 11 **Transmission Electron Microscopy of Platelets FROM Apheresis and Buffy-Coat-Derived Platelet Concentrates 255** Josef Neumüller, Adolf Ellinger and Thomas Wagner

Xia Zhou, Dayong Ding, Jing Ma, Zhe Ji, Xun Zhang and Feng Xu

**Major Groups of Freshwater Zooplankton (Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda) from the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico 307** Marcelo Silva-Briano, Araceli Adabache-Ortiz, Gerardo Guerrero-Jiménez, Roberto Rico-Martínez and Guadalupe Zavala-Padilla

Chapter 12 **Ultrastructure and Topochemistry of Plant Cell Wall by Transmission Electron Microscopy 285**

Chapter 13 **Ultrastructural and Morphological Description of the Three**

Chapter 14 **Veterinary Diagnostic using Transmission Electron**

M.H.B. Catroxo and A.M.C.R.P.F. Martins

Ying Li, Gaoyang Zhao, Zhibo Kou, Long Jin and Yajing Wang

**Micro-Fabricated Thin Films 179**

Romuald Wojnicz

**VI** Contents

Dai and Song Lei

**Microscopy 327**

Over the last few decades, remarkable developments have taken place in instrumentation and techniques for characterizing the microstructure and microcomposition of materials. The principal instruments include the scanning electron microscope, electron probe X-ray microanalyzer, and the analytical transmission electron microscope. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has developed into a sophisticated sub-nanometer resolution imaging technique. In this technique, the electron-beam is transmitted through an ultra-thin region, interacting with specimen as it passes through it. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons transmitted through the specimen, which is then magnified and focused onto the imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen or a charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor. This technique has variety of applications in medical field, like cancer research and virology for diagnosis purposes, as well as in material science, nanotechnology, computer, and elec‐ tronics industries for structural characterization. This book presents the background and im‐ plementation of techniques, which have allowed true imaging and chemical analysis at the atomic scale.

The book is structured in three parts. The first part introduces the basics of in-situ atomicresolution electron microscopy imaging in TEM. This part also describes limits of in-situ mi‐ croscopy for nanostructures, electronics, and dislocation interface interactions. The second part introduces fundamental electron microscopic concepts of sampling and characteriza‐ tion of nanomaterials including thin films and nanocrystals like carbon nanotubes. Based on the first and second parts of the book, the third part focuses on use of TEM for biological study; it describes the analysis of various samples, including clinical skin samples, plant cell wall, and three major groups of freshwater zooplankton. This part also provides information about veterinary diagnostic through atomic-resolution TEM imaging.

The topics in this book are developed to a level appropriate for most modern materials re‐ search using TEM. The content of this book provides the fundamental preparation needed for further study of advanced topics in microscopy. The book includes many practical de‐ tails and examples for specimen preparation methods for TEM. Moreover, at the end of each chapter, proper references have been included that can lead the readers to the best sources in the literature and help them to go into more depth in electron microscopy. This second edition has been completely revised and updated in order to incorporate the very recent technological and scientific advancements in TEM that have been realized since the first edi‐ tion appeared in 2012. This practically oriented book represents a clear and comprehensible introduction for all persons who want to use a transmission electron microscope in practice.

I am grateful to my doctorate student Ms. Adeela Nairan, who helped me in completing this project, and also to the entire InTech publishing team for making this project possible and to

all the authors who have contributed to this book. I am also thankful to the Publishing Proc‐ ess Managers Ms. Ana Pantar and Ms. Ivona Lovric for their cooperative attitudes during the publishing process. I hope that this book will help the readers in a more efficient way to characterize their materials and will provide them an opportunity to strengthen their re‐ search capabilities in the field of material science and nanotechnology.

> **Dr. Maaz Khan** Institute of Modern physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), P.R. China

**In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy**

all the authors who have contributed to this book. I am also thankful to the Publishing Proc‐ ess Managers Ms. Ana Pantar and Ms. Ivona Lovric for their cooperative attitudes during the publishing process. I hope that this book will help the readers in a more efficient way to characterize their materials and will provide them an opportunity to strengthen their re‐

**Dr. Maaz Khan**

P.R. China

Institute of Modern physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),

search capabilities in the field of material science and nanotechnology.

VIII Preface

**Chapter 1**
