**3.2. Aims of wastewater treatment**

effectively implemented in higher education teaching undergraduate and graduate students,

The chapter describes the biological and chemical wastewater treatment processes that

**a.** Bioremediation of wastewater using oxidation ponds, aeration lagoons, anaerobic lagoons, aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors, activated sludge, percolating or trickling filters, biological filters, rotating biological contactors, and biological removal of nutrients;

**c.** Phytoremediation of wastewater that includes: constructed wetlands, rhizofiltration, rhizodegradation, phytodegradation, phytoaccumulation, phytotransformation, and

**f.** Chemical wastewater treatment processes that include: chemical precipitation, ion exchange, neutralization, adsorption and disinfection (chlorination/dechlorination,

**g.** Wastewater treatment plants. The chapter elucidates and illustrates the plant sizing, plant

Wastewater, or sewage, originates from human and home wastewaters, industrial wastes, animal wastes, rain runoff, and groundwater infiltration. Generally, wastewater is the flow of used water from a neighborhood. The wastewater consists of 99.9% water by weight, where the remaining 0.1% is suspended or dissolved material. This solid material is a mixture of excrements, detergents, food leftovers, grease, oils, salts, plastics, heavy metals, sands, and grits [1, 2]. Types of wastewaters include: municipal wastewater, industrial wastewaters, mixtures of industrial/domestic wastewaters, and agricultural wastewaters. Typical agricul‐ tural industries include: dairy processing industries, meat processing factories, juice and beverage industries, slaughterhouses, vegetable processing facilities, rendering plants, and

Subsequent to primary treatment of wastewater, i.e., physical treatment of wastewater, it still contains large amounts of dissolved and colloidal material that must be removed before

as well as extension and outreach.

2 Wastewater Treatment Engineering

hyperaccumulators;

**3. Overview**

**d.** Vermifiltration and vermicomposting;

ozone, ultraviolet radiation);

**3.1. Wastewater treatment techniques**

drainage water of irrigation systems.

layout, plant design, and plant location.

include:

**2. Chapter description and contents overview**

**b.** Mycoremediation of wastewater using bioreactors;

**e.** Microbial fuel cells for electricity production from wastewater;

The goals of treating the wastewaters are:

