**Author details**

Emrah Deniz\*

Address all correspondence to: edeniz@karabuk.edu.tr

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey

### **References**


[3] Yılmaz S, Deniz E. The comparison of efficiencies between two phased protected zone and indirect solar water heaters. Technology. 2009;12(4):259–66.

*<sup>Q</sup>*˙ *<sup>u</sup>* Rate of useful energy from collector (W)

SMCEC Solar multi-stage condensation evaporation cycle

SDC Solar dish collector technology SGSP Salt gradient solar pond

Ta Ambient air temperature (K) Tb Basin temperature (K)

Tg Still glass cover temperature (K) Tw Still water temperature (K) TSP Tower solar power technology UCZ Upper convective zone

UL Overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2

*<sup>b</sup>* Solar flux absorbed by the basin liner

*<sup>g</sup>* Solar flux absorbed by glass cover

*<sup>w</sup>* Solar flux absorbed by water mass

Address all correspondence to: edeniz@karabuk.edu.tr

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey

[1] Gude VG, Nirmalakhandan N, Deng S. Renewable and sustainable approaches for desalination. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2010;14(9):2641–54.

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°C)

RO Reverse osmosis

120 Desalination Updates

SWH Solar water heating Τ Transmittance

V Wind speed (m/s) VC Vapour compression

*α* ′

*α* ′

*α* ′

**Subscripts**

c Collector

**Author details**

Emrah Deniz\*

**References**


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sayfa 158–66.

122 Desalination Updates

4187–99.

2014;76:241–53.

2010;14(4):1187–201.

ings\_low%20res.pdf


**Hybrid Desalination Systems**

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21.

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26.
