**3.3. Results**

We distinguish facultative atherogenic very low density lipoproteins, VLDL, and their remnants, intermediate density lipoproteins, IDL, low density lipoproteins, LDL (considered a lipoprotein family with high atherogenicity), and high density lipoproteins, HDL. Modified lipoprotein entities in all these lipoprotein families can play a role in the formation of athero‐ genic lipoproteins, which accelerate the atherogenesis in the artery walls, including in the

**Figure 4.** Coronary heart disease combined with an atherogenic hypercholesterolemia. High concentration of athero‐

\*Reference ranges derived from 125 serum samples that met the NCEP ATPIII guidelines for desirable lipid status

\*\*LDL-C comprised of the sum of cholesterol in Md bands C through A as well as all the subfractions

genic small dense LDL in LDL 3,4 subfractions SAAR score: 5.1

In our study, we focused on the determination of the incidence of an atherogenic lipoprotein

In our study, 104 patients with newly diagnosed coronary heart disease were examined. The diagnosis of CHD (stable angina pectoris grade I or II) was confirmed by medical examination, laboratory results, resting ECG, results of echocardiography, and duplex ultrasound of the

phenotype in patients with coronary heart disease – in stable angina patients.

coronary arteries.

96 Lipoproteins - From Bench to Bedside

**3.1. Patients**

carotid arteries.

The results of lipid parameters presented in Table 5 confirm a highly significant increased concentration of analyzed lipid and lipoprotein parameters (p<0.0001) in CHD-patients, compared to control values and a low value of the SAAR. These low values (< 10.8) are regularly found in atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype B.


**Table 5.** Serum concentration of lipids, lipoproteins, and SAAR-score in CHD patients vs. control group


Note: In the column without published p values, the differences in the evaluated parameter were not significant (n.s.) Atherogenic 81.7% vs. non-atherogenic 18.3%, in coronary heart disease

**Table 6.** Serum concentration of lipids, lipoproteins, and SAAR-score in coronary heart disease

In Table 6, an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype B is present in 81.7% of patients with CHD. An increased concentration of small dense LDL (LDL3-7) in the CHD-patient subgroup with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile, compared to the results of the CHD-patient subgroup with a non-atherogenic lipoprotein profile (p<0.0001), confirms a predominance of atherogenic lipoproteins in the serum of patients with CHD.
