**4. Conclusions**

Bioremediation provides a technique for cleaning up pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation processes that occur in nature. Depending on the site and its contaminants, bioremediation may be safer and less expensive than alternative solutions such as incineration or land filling of the contaminated materials. It also has the advantage of treating the contam‐ ination in place so that large quantities of soil, sediment, or water do not have to be dug up or pumped out of the ground for treatment. Therefore, bioremediation is considered as of now one of the best options to treat contaminated environments. Taking into account the amazing metabolic features that define haloarchaea metabolism, these microorganisms may become good candidates to improve bioremediation procedures, or even new bioremediation strat‐ egies could be defined using them. Thus, aerobic and anaerobic haloarchaea could be consid‐ ered to design co-metabolic in situ bioremediation to remediate different pollutants in water and soils. Although the potential use of haloarchaea in bioremediation has been extensively demonstrated, different aspects of their metabolism remain poorly known. Therefore, more studies from biochemical and molecular biology points of view are required to properly comprehend haloarchaeal metabolism regulation. Moreover, new niches and extreme micro‐ ecosystems in terms of temperature, salt concentration, and pH should be explored to identify and locate new microorganisms able to deal with heavy metals, hydrocarbons, chlorinated compounds, and, in general, all pollutants affecting soil and water.
