**2.6. Characterization techniques**

To ensure that the phases that have been obtained during the synthesis are correct, various techniques are used. This chapter will talk about three of them, which allude to the obtaining of the phases. One of them is X-ray diffraction (XRD), which is used under two aspects: to get the diffraction patterns of the synthesized material and to ensure that the crystalline phases of the structures meet the required specifications, which includes synthesis. On the other hand, this technique is used to perform a constant monitoring during the dehydration of materials and thus observe the structural change to drop out of the same water molecules present in the system. Coupled with this technique, an SEM was used in order to follow up on the morphol‐ ogy of the material during the synthesis when dehydration was carried out. Finally, a thermal analysis to corroborate the number of molecules of water, in addition to providing information about the kinetic parameters, was involved during the dehydration of the study materials.
