**Author details**

voltage of the PVDF LB films is found to be above 50 V, whereas the breakdown voltage of the

Figure 19 (a) The P-E loops of the PVDF homopolymer LB films with 10 to 200 transferred

**Figure 19.** (a) The P-E loops of the PVDF homopolymer LB films with 10 to 200 transferred layers. (b) Log *Ec* vs.log

In this study, the film thickness dependence of th*e Ec* of the PVDF homopolymer LB films is investigated. Figure 19(a) shows the *P-E* loops of the PVDF homopolymer LB films with various transferred layers. Note that the *Ec* is basically constant between 200 nm and 44 nm but dramatically increases with the thickness decreasing in the range from 45 nm to 11 nm (Fig. 19(b)). Thus, the switching in the thicker thickness range is attributed to be extrinsic. Further investigation on the thickness dependence of the *Ec* of our PVDF homopolymer films in the thinner thickness range, i.e., from 45 nm to 11 nm, reveals that the relationship basically complies with the semi-empirical scaling law of the Janovec–Kay–Dunn (JKD) scaling,

In this study, the film thickness dependence of the *Ec* of the PVDF homopolymer LB films is investigated. Figure 19(a) shows the *P-E* loops of the PVDF homopolymer LB films with various transferred layers. Note that the *Ec* is basically constant between 200 nm and 44 nm but dramatically increases with the thickness decreasing in the range from 45 nm to 11 nm (Fig. 19(b)). Thus, the switching in the thicker thickness range is attributed to be extrinsic. Further investigation on the thickness dependence of the *Ec* of our PVDF homopolymer films in the thinner thickness range, i.e., from 45 nm to 11 nm, reveals that the relationship basically complies with the semi-empirical scaling law of the Janovec–Kay–Dunn (JKD)

scaling, suggesting that the switching is neither extrinsic nor intrinsic in this range.

suggesting that the switching is neither extrinsic nor intrinsic in this range.

PVDF-based ferroelectric polymers have been studied for many years, and these polymers have been widely used in many electronic devices, for example, transducers, actuators, switches, and infrared sensors. Nonetheless, there are lots of novel properties that need to be explored. In this chapter, the LB method has been used for preparing ultrathin films of PVDF-based films. In addition, many special characteristics of these films have been generalized. These special

PVDF-based ferroelectric polymers have been studied for many years, and widely used in many electronic devices, for example, transducers, actuators, switches, and infrared sensors. Nonetheless, there are lots of novel properties that need to be explored. In this chapter, the LB method has been used for preparing ultrathin films of PVDF-based films. In addition, many special characteristics of these films have been generalized. These special properties include high tunability, huge electrocaloric effect, polarization switching, self-polarization, and enhanced electric properties in the artificial polymer multilayers. Besides these properties and potential applications, ferroelectric polymers possess many other advantag‐ es for applications. The advantages of this type of ferroelectric polymers include low cost, ease and flexibility of fabrication in different kinds of thin film forms, and resistance to degradation caused by strain. PVDF-based polymers are also more readily altered to conform to complex device requirements imposed by the environment, size, shape, physical

the breakdown voltage of the P(VDF-TrFE) LB films is only 40 V.

layers. (b) Log *Ec* vs.log thickness of the PVDF homopolymer LB films

homopolymer films, suggesting a typical ferroelectric feature. The ferroelectric *P-E* loops of the PVDF homopolymer and P(VDF-TrFE) films are shown in Fig. 18. The well *P-E* hysteresis loop of the PVDF films also confirms its ferroelectricity. It can also be seen that both the *Pr* and *Ec* of the PVDF LB films are higher than that of P(VDF-TrFE) LB films. In addition, the breakdown voltage of the PVDF LB films is found to be above 50 V, whereas

P(VDF-TrFE) LB films is only 40 V.

168 Ferroelectric Materials – Synthesis and Characterization

thickness of the PVDF homopolymer LB films

**Conclusion**

**12. Conclusion**

J.L. Wang\* , X.J. Meng and J.H. Chu

\*Address all correspondence to: jlwang@mail.sitp.ac.cn

National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
