Contents



**Imprinting on Pyrex Glass 127** Harutaka Mekaru


## Preface

**Section 5 Application of MOSSBAUER Spectroscopy in Alloy**

**Section 6 Generation of Hydrophobicity in Alloys 193**

Chapter 6 **Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Radiation — Induced Processes in**

Chapter 7 **Hydrophobicity — A Green Technique for Enhancing Corrosion**

Chapter 8 **The Role of Hydrophobicity in the Development of Aluminum and Copper Alloys for Industrial Applications 239** Amir Farzaneh, Zaki Ahmad, Mustafa Can, Salih Okur, Omer

Zaki Ahmad, Asad U. Khan, Robina Farooq, Naila Riaz Mastoi and

K.M. Mukashev, A.K. Shokanov and F.F. Umarov

**Development 153**

**VI** Contents

**Metallic Systems 155**

**Resistance of Alloys 195**

Mermer and Ali Kemal Havare

Tahir Saif

Despite the revolution in industry and dominance of emerging technologies, such as com‐ munication, transportation, construction, automotive, and green technologies, and the ap‐ pearance of millions of products in the world market, aluminium and aluminium alloys have not been overshadowed by new developments and new products. On the contrary, the new research in aluminium alloys is going hand in hand with the new technologies that would become crystal clear to the reader of this book. One great virtue of aluminium alloys has been the extent of capabilities and the range of applications it offers. The breadth of indi‐ vidual alloys is very broad and would need a book to highlight it. The book *New Trends in Alloy Development, Characterization and Application* describes the new research ideas that have been put in practice and to elevate the structural, mechanical, physical, and chemical prop‐ erties in alloy development. The philosophy of this book is that the new characteristics, new methodologies, and analytical procedures have to be a basic consideration before develop‐ ing an alloy. The chapter on rapid solidification technology by Dr. Roy Rajat demonstrates the new technologies and the importance of rapid solidification technologies. The new RSP technology can have a dramatic effect on grain size, tensile strength, microstructural refine‐ ment, and overcoming interdendritic shrinkage. Among the light alloys, AZ31 and AZ61 are making a dramatic progress because of their favorable chemical composition, structure, and thickness of the native oxide film. These oxide films protect the alloys from deterioration. This has been described well by Dr. Feliu Batlle Sebastian in his chapter *Native Oxide Films on AZ31 and AZ61 Commercial Magnesium*. The technology of Ni-P in molding materials con‐ tains the latest information on the methodology and application of molding materials by Dr. Mekaru Harutaka in his chapter on the application of Ni-P alloys to a mold material. The chapter on Mössbauer spectroscopy appears to be a bit out of place from a long distance because it is based on quantum mechanics. Mössbauer effects provide a link between nucle‐ ar and solid-state physics. This technology has been applied to metals, alloys, organometal‐ lics, glass, and minerals. The chapter by Prof. Umarov Farid presents an interesting interpretation of data and explanation related to various materials. According to Mössba‐ uer's concluding remarks, the finding would extend the existing knowledge and take it into existing work of unknown phenomenon. Prof. Umarov Farid has powered that point. The last two chapters are devoted to the work done on superhydrophobicity in recent years. The new findings in hydrophobicity, including dust and water-repellent surfaces, antigermicidal coatings, biofouling substrates, fuel consumption phenomenon of drag reduction, strong and conversion of energy, and the methods of fabricating hydrophobic surfaces and their theories, are presented with plenty of illustration. Aluminium has been the focus of atten‐ tion in Chapter 8. The work on hydrophobicity has opened a new era in aluminium alloy by mitigating corrosion and bio fouling.

I hope the variety of new topics would be of interest to the readers and fulfill our objectives of writing the book.

I am highly grateful to all my colleagues: Dr. M. A. Bodla (Director COMSATS, Lahore, Pakistan), Dr. Asad Ullah Khan (H.O.D, Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS, La‐ hore, Pakistan), Dr. Robina Farooq (COMSATS, Lahore, Pakistan), Mr. Tahir Saif (COM‐ SATS, Lahore, Pakistan), Ms. Naila Riaz (COMSATS, Lahore, Pakistan), and my colleagues at KFUPM, Abdul Aleem, Faheemuddin, and Habib Abualhamayel. I thank Dr. M. Shoaib and Dr. Nasir Aqeeli who always supported me at KFUPM. Last but not the least, it is the spirit of my most beloved son Intekhab Ahmad (deceased) who inspired me throughout my life to write. I wholeheartedly thank Dr. Intesar Ahmad, Head of the Department of Electri‐ cal Engineering, LCWU, Lahore, and Mr. Manzar Ahmad, Associate Professor, South Asia University. I appreciate the support given by Ms. Ana Pantar of InTech, and I acknowledge the support of Ms. Ivona Lovric.

*Ignorance is the curse of God; knowledge is the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. Knowledge only comes from the books.*

—with apologies to Shakespeare

**Prof. Dr. Zaki Ahmad** King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
