**Author details**

Moosa Patel1\*, Vinitha Philip1 , Atul Lakha1 , Sugeshnee Pather2 , Muhammed Faadil Waja1 , Lucille Singh1 and Mohamed Arbee1

\*Address all correspondence to: moosa.patel@wits.ac.za

1 Clinical Haematology Division, Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

2 Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

#### **References**


[4] Weisenburger DD, Nathwani BN, Winberg CD, et al. Multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia: A clinicopathological study of 16 cases. Human Path 1985;16:62.

possible cause of the lymphadenopathy in association with the KS or AIHA. The prognosis of HIV-associated MCD has improved with optimization and control of HIV replication (use of combination antiretroviral therapy), prophylaxis, and treatment of opportunistic infections, as well as etoposide and rituximab based chemotherapy. In the setting of HIV, MCD should

We thank all the medical, nursing and allied healthcare professionals who were involved in the diagnosis, management and follow up of the patients with Castleman's disease. In particular, we would like to thank all the staff of the Clinical Haematology unit, Infectious Disease unit, Department of Medicine and National Health Laboratory Service, CHBAH, and,

, Sugeshnee Pather2

, Muhammed Faadil Waja1

,

no longer be regarded as a rare disease with a fatal outcome.

most importantly, the patients whose data have been used in this study.

, Atul Lakha1

resembling thymoma. *Cancer* 1956;9(4):822–30, 1956.

1 Clinical Haematology Division, Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand,

2 Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the

[1] Castleman B, Iverson L, Menendez V. Localized mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia

[2] Keller AR, Hochholzer L, Castleman B. Hyaline-vascular and plasma-cell types of giant lymph node hyperplasia of the mediastinum and other locations. Cancer

[3] Oksenhendler E, Duarte M, Soulier J, et al. Multicentric Castleman's disease in HIV infection: a clinical and pathological study of 20 patients. AIDS 1996;10(1):61–7.e.

**Acknowledgements**

256 Immunopathology and Immunomodulation

**Author details**

Lucille Singh1

**References**

Moosa Patel1\*, Vinitha Philip1

Johannesburg, South Africa

1972;29:670–683.

and Mohamed Arbee1

Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

\*Address all correspondence to: moosa.patel@wits.ac.za


[33] Casper C, Krantz EM, Corey L, et al. Valganciclovir for suppression of human her‐ pesvirus-8 replication: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. J Infect Dis 2008;198(1):23–30.

[18] Suda T, Katano H, Delsol, et al. HHV-8 infection status of AIDS-unrelated and AIDSassociated multicentric Castleman's disease. Pathol Int 2001;51(9):671–679.

[19] Nishi J, Arimura K, Utsunomiya A, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the sera and lymph nodes of the plasma cell type of Castleman's disease. Br

[20] Gérard L, Bérezné A, Galicier L, et al. Prospective study of rituximab in chemothera‐ py-dependent human immunodeficiency virus associated multicentric Castleman's

[21] Uldrick TS, Polizzotto MN, Yarchoan R. Recent advances in Kaposi sarcoma herpes‐ virus-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Curr Opin Oncol 2012;24:495–505.

[22] Bower M, Pria AD, Coyle C, et al. Diagnostic criteria schemes for multicentric Castle‐

[23] Talat N, Belgaumkar AP, Schulte KM. Surgery in Castleman's disease: a systematic

[24] Powles T, Stebbing J, Bazeos A, et al. The role of immune suppression and HHV-8 in the increasing incidence of HIV-associated multicentric Castleman's disease. Ann

[25] Munoz G, Geijo P, Moldenhauer F, et al. Plasmacellular Castleman disease and PO‐

[26] Herrada J, Cabanillas F, Rice L, et al. The clinical behaviour of localized and multi‐

[27] Kawabata H, Kadowaki N, Nishikori M, et al. Clinical features and treatment of Mul‐ ticentric Castleman's disease: A retrospective study of 21 Japanese patients at a single

[28] Larroche C, Cacoub P, Soulier J, et al. Castleman's disease and lymphoma: report of eight cases in HIV-negative patients and literature review. Am J Hematol

[29] Bower M. How I treat HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Blood

[30] Scott D, Cabra L, Harrington WJ Jr. Treatment of HIV-associated multicentric Castle‐

[31] Bestawros A, Michel R, Seguin C, et al. Multicentric Castleman's disease treated with combination chemotherapy and rituximab in four HIV-positive men: a case series.

[32] Oksenhendler E. HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Curr Opin HIV

man's disease with oral etoposide. Am J Hematol 2001;66(2):148–150.

man disease in 75 cases. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014;65(2):e80–82.

review of 404 published cases. Ann Surg 2012;255(4):677–84.

EMS syndrome. Histopathology 1990;17:172.

institute. J Clin Exp Hematop 2013;53(1):69–77.

centric Castleman's disease. Ann Int Med 1998;128:657.

disease: ANRS 117 CastlemaB Trial. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3350–3356.

J Haematol 2013;104:482.

258 Immunopathology and Immunomodulation

Oncol 2009;20(4):775–9.

2002;69:119.

2010;116(22):4415–4421.

AIDS 2009;4(1):16–21.

Am J Hematol 2008;83(6):508–511.

