**5. Ocular surgical techniques**

In the surgery of myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, several techniques have improved since the 80s (See figure 5). And recently, a stromal ring technique has been introduced for keratoconus. Due to the shortage of donors for corneas, the stem cell culture and the devel‐ opment of new biopolymers has increased until the creation of several artificial corneas.
