**Author details**

Sanja Masnec \* and Miro Kalauz

\*Address all correspondence to: sanjamp@yahoo.com

Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia

### **References**


[7] Ernest PH, Lavery KT, Kiessling LA. Relative strength of scleral corneal and clear corneal incisions constructed in cadaver eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1994; 20 (6): 626–9

premium intraocular lenses that are designed to enable the best refractive outcomes with one goal: restoration of vision for distance and near and spectacles independence. The develop‐ ment of acrylic materials with a higher index of refraction and square edge designed intraoc‐ ular lenses in order to prevent posterior capsular opacification led to patients having portions of their retina exposed to reflected light from the optic edge ending with dysphotopsia on the other hand. To achieve the best possible postoperative result, careful selection of patients,

In order to increase accuracy and precision in cataract surgery, together with patient demands for additional safety, femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery is offered and being investi‐ gated as one of the possible solutions. As it appears safe and with many benefits in providing the best possible outcomes for cataract surgery, it stays on long-term clinical studies to provide

individual approach, and patient's education is mandatory.

and Miro Kalauz

phia: Saunders;1994: 564-75

10.4103/0974-9233.124084

\*Address all correspondence to: sanjamp@yahoo.com

**Author details**

Sanja Masnec \*

200 Advances in Eye Surgery

**References**

81-160

evidence for the confirmation of its superiority over phacoemulsification.

Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia

[1] Kuszak JR, Deutsch TA, Brown HG. Anatomy of aged and senile cataractous lenses. In: Albert DM, Jakobiec FA, eds. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Philadel‐

[2] Lens and Cataract; American Academy of Ophthamology; Surgery for Cataract,

[3] Al Mahmood AM, Al-Swailem SA, Behrens A. Clear Corneal Incision in Cataract Surgery. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2014; Jan-Mar; 21(1): 25-31.doi:

[5] Girard LJ, Rodriguez J, Mailman ML. Reducing surgically induced astigmatism by

[6] Samuelson SW, Koch DD, Kuglen CC. Determination of maximal incision length for

[4] Fine IH. Clear corneal incisions. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1994; 34: 59–72

using a scleral tunnel. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984; 97: 450–6

true small-incision surgery. Ophthalmic Surg. 1991; 22: 204–7


[37] Georgescu D, Kuo AF, et al. A fluidics comparison of Alcon Infinity, Bausch and Lomb Stellaris, and Advanced Medical Optics Signature phacoemulsification ma‐ chines. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 145 (6): 1014-7

[22] Brian J, Jacobs BS, Bruce I, Gaynes OD, Phar MD, Thomas A, Deutch MD. J Cataract

[23] Masnec-Paškvalin S, Čima I, Iveković R, Matejčić A, Novak-Lauš K, Mandić Z. Com‐ parison of Preoperative and Postoperative Astigmatism after Superotemporal or Su‐ peronasal Clear Corneal Incision in Phacoemulsiphication. Coll Antropol. 2007;

[24] Azar DT, Stark WJ, Dodick J, Khoury JM., Vitale S, Enger C, Reed C. Prospective, randomized vector analysis of astigmatism after three-, one-, and no-suture phacoe‐

[25] Roman SJ, Auclin FX, Chong-Sit DA, Ullern MM. Surgically induced astigmatism with superior and temporal incisions in cases of with-the-rule preoperative astigma‐

[26] Masket S, Wang L, Belani S. Induced astigmatism with 2.2- and 3.0-mm coaxial pha‐

[27] Hayashi K, Yoshida M, Hayashi H. Corneal shape changes after 2.0-mm or 3.0-mm clear corneal versus scleral tunnel incision cataract surgery. Ophthalmology.2010;

[28] Pfleger T, Skorpik C, Menapace R, Scholz U, Weghaupt H, Zehetmayer M. Longterm course of induced astigmatism after clear corneal incision cataract surgery.JCa‐

[29] Buzard KA, Febbraro JL. Transconjunctival corneoscleral tunnel "blue line" cataract

[30] Hurvitz LM. Late clear corneal wound failure after trivial trauma. J Cataract Refract

[31] Fine IH, Fichman RA, Grabow HB. Clear-corneal cataract surgery and topical anes‐

[32] Dewey S, Beiko G, Braga-Mele R, Nixon DR, Raviv T, Rosenthal K. Microincisions in

[33] Soscia W, Howard JG, Olson RJ. Microphacoemulsification with WhiteStar; a wound-

[34] Payne M, Waite A, Olson RJ. Thermal inertia associated with ultrapulse technology

[35] Han YK, Miller KM. Heat production: longitudinal versus torsional phacoemulsifica‐

[36] Devgan U. Phaco Fundamentals for the Beginning Phaco Surgeon. Bausch and Lomb

coemulsification incisions. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009; 25 (1): 21–24

mulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23 (1997):1164-73

tism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998; 24 (1998):1636-41

Refractive Surg. 27 (2001):1176-9

31(2007):199-202

202 Advances in Eye Surgery

117 (7): 1313–23

Surg. 1999; 25: 283–4

thesia. Slack Inc. 1993:29–62

taract Refract Surg. 1996; 22 (1): 72–7

incision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000; 26:242–9

cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2014; 40:1549-57

temperature study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002; 28: 1044–6

tion. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009; 35: 1799–805

Ophthalmology World Report Series, 2009: 1-54

in phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006; 32: 1032–4


[66] Pepose JS, Qazi MA, Davies J, Doane JF, Loden JC, Sivalingham V, Mahmoud AM. Visual performance of patients with bilateral vs combination Crystalens, ReZoom, and ReSTOR intraocular lens implants. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007; 144: 347–57

[52] Harman FE, Maling S, Kampougeris G, Langan L, Khan I, Lee N, Bloom PA. Com‐ paring the 1CU accommodative, multifocal, and monofocal intraocular lenses; a

[53] Zhao G, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Hu L, Che C, Jiang N. Visual function after monocular im‐ plantation of apodized diffractive multifocal or single-piece monofocal intraocular lens; randomized prospective comparison. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010; 36: 282–285

[54] Nijkamp MD, Dolders MGT, de Brabander J, van den Borne B, Hendrikse F, Nuijts RMMA. Effectiveness of multifocal intraocular lenses to correct presbyopia after cat‐ aract surgery; a randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmology. 2004; 111: 1832–9 [55] Sen HN, Sarikkola AU, Uusitalo RJ, Laatikainen L. Quality of vision after AMO Ar‐ ray multifocal intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004; 30: 2483–

[56] Zeng M, Liu Y, Liu X, Yuan Z, Luo L, Xia Y, Zeng Y. Aberration and contrast sensi‐ tivity comparison of aspherical and monofocal and multifocal intraocular lens eyes.

[57] Leyland M, Zinicola E. Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses in cataract

[58] Leyland M, Pringle E. Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract

[59] Woodward MA, Randleman JB, Stulting RD. Dissatisfaction after multifocal intraoc‐

[60] de Vries NE, Webers CAB, Touwslager WRH, Bauer NJC, de Brabander J, Berend‐ schot TT, Nuijts RMMA. Dissatisfaction after implantation of multifocal intraocular

[61] Chiam PJT, Chan JH, Aggarwal RK, Kasaby S. ReSTOR intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery: quality of vision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006; 32: 1459–63

[62] Häring G, Dick HB, Krummenauer F, Weissmantel U, Kröncke W. Subjective photic phenomena with refractive multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses; results of a

[63] Mesci C, Erbil H, Özdöker L, Karakurt Y, Dolar Bilge A. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function after accommodative and multifocal intraocular lens implanta‐

[64] Mesci C, Erbil HH, Olgun, A, Aydin N, Candemir B, Akçakaya AA. Differences in contrast sensitivity between monofocal, multifocal and accommodating intraocular

[65] Ortiz D, Alió JL, Bernabéu G, Pongo V. Optical performance of monofocal and multi‐ focal intraocular lenses in the human eye. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008; 34: 755–62

surgery; a systematic review. Ophthalmology. 2003; 110: 1789–98

extraction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; Oct 18 (4); CD003169

ular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009; 35: 992–997

multicenter questionnaire. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001; 27: 245–9

lenses: long-term results. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010; 38: 768–77

lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011; 37: 859–65

tion. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2010; 20: 90–100

randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2008; 115: 993–1001

Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007; 35: 355–60

93

204 Advances in Eye Surgery


[94] Chang DF. Early rotational stability of the longer Staar toric intraocular lens; fifty consecutive cases. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003; 29: 935–40

[80] Hoffer KJ. Biometry of 7, 500 cataractous eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980; 90: 360–8

Surg. 2009; 35: 70–5

206 Advances in Eye Surgery

Surg. 1994; 6: 177–8

shner, 1781−2)

2009; 35: 1266–72

Refract Surg. 2000; 26: 1022–7

Refract Surg. 2000; 26: 1792–806

Ophthalmol. 1998; 82: 549–53

106: 2190–5 (discussion by DJ Apple, 2196)

3

[81] Ferrer-Blasco T, Montés-Micó R, Peixoto-de-Matos SC, González-Méijome JM, Cervi‐ ño A. Prevalence of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract

[82] Hoffmann PC, Hütz WW. Analysis of biometry and prevalence data for corneal as‐

[83] Visser N, Bauer NJC, Nuijts MR, Toric intraocular lenses: Historical overview, pa‐ tient selection, IOL calculation, surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, and complica‐

[84] Buckhurst PJ, Wolffsohn JS, Davies LN, Naroo SA. Surgical correction of astigmatism

[85] Amesbury EC, Miller KM. Correction of astigmatism at thr time of cataract surgery.

[86] Grabow HB. Early results with foldable toric IOL implantation. Eur J Implant Refract

[87] Grabow HB. Toric intraocular lens report. Ann Ophthalmol Glaucoma. 1997; 29: 161–

[88] Sun XY, Vicary D, Montgomery P, Griffiths M. Toric intraocular lenses for correcting astigmatism in 130 eyes. Ophthalmology. 2000; 107: 1776–81 (discussion by RM Ker‐

[89] Ruhswurm I, Scholz U, Zehetmayer M, Hanselmayer G, Vass C, Skorpik C. Astigma‐ tism correction with a foldable toric intraocular lens in cataract patients. J Cataract

[90] Linnola RJ, Werner L, Pandey SK, Escobar-Gomez M, Znoiko SL, Apple DJ. Adhe‐ sion of fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV to intraocular lens ma‐ terials in pseudophakic human autopsy eyes. Part 1: histological sections. J Cataract

[91] Lombardo M, Carbone G, Lombardo G, De Santo MP, Barberi R. Analysis of intraoc‐ ular lens surface adhesiveness by atomic force microscopy. J Cataract Refract Surg.

[92] Oshika T, Nagata T, Ishii Y. Adhesion of lens capsule to intraocular lenses of polyme‐ thylmethacrylate, silicone, and acrylic foldable materials: an experimental study. Br J

[93] Patel CK, Ormonde S, Rosen PH, Bron AJ. Postoperative intraocular lens rotation: a randomized comparison of plate and loop haptic implants. Ophthalmology. 1999;

tigmatism in 23, 239 eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010; 36: 1479–85

tions, J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39:624-37

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2009; 20:19-24

during cataract surgery. Clin Exp Optom 2010; 93:409-18.


[120] Nishi O, Yamamoto N, Nishi K, Nishi Y. Contact inhibition of migrating lens epithe‐ lial cells at the capsular bend created by a sharp-edged intraocular lens after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007; 33: 1065–70

[107] Peng Q, Visessook N, Apple DJ, Pandey SK, Werner L, Escobar-Gomez M, et al. Sur‐ gical prevention of posterior capsule opacification. Part 3: intraocular lens optic barri‐

[108] Kohnen T, Fabian E, Gerl R, Hunold W, Hütz W, Strobel J, et al. Optic edge design as long-term factor for posterior capsular opacification rates. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:

[109] Kugelberg M, Wejde G, Jayaram H, Zetterström C. Posterior capsule opacification af‐ ter implantation of a hydrophilic or a hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens; one-year

[110] Johansson B. Clinical consequences of acrylic intraocular lens material and design: Nd:YAG-laser capsulotomy rates in 3 x 300 eyes 5 years after phacoemulsification. Br

[111] Apple DJ, Ram J, Foster A, Peng Q. Posterior capsule opacification (secondary cata‐

[112] Vasavada AR, Raj SM, Johar K, Nanavaty MA. Effect of hydrodissection alone and hydrodissection combined with rotation on lens epithelial cells; surgical approach for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg.2006; 32:

[113] Kugelberg M, Wejde G, Jayaram H, Zetterström C. Two-year follow-up of posterior capsule opacification after implantation of a hydrophilic or hydrophobic acrylic in‐

[114] Vasavada AR, Shah A, Raj SM, Praveen MR, Shah GD. Prospective evaluation of pos‐ terior capsule opacification in myopic eyes 4 years after implantation of a single-

[115] Khandwala MA, Marjanovic B, Kotagiri AK, Teimory M. Rate of posterior capsule opacification in eyes with the Akreos intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;

[116] Heatley CJ, Spalton DJ, Kumar A, Jose R, Boyce J, Bender LE. Comparison of posteri‐ or capsule opacification rates between hydrophilic and hydrophobic single-piece

[117] Hayashi K, Hayashi H. Posterior capsule opacification after implantation of a hydro‐

[118] Halpern MT, Covert D, Battista C, et al. Relationship of AcrySof acrylic and Phaco‐ Flex silicone intraocular lenses to visual acuity and posterior capsule opacification. J

[119] Nishi O, Nishi K, Wickström K. Preventing lens epithelial cell migration using intra‐ ocular lenses with sharp rectangular edges. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000; 26: 1543–9

acrylic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005; 31: 718–24

gel intraocular lens. Br J Ophthalmol.2004; 88: 182–5

Cataract Refract Surg. 2002; 28: 662–9

follow-up. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006; 32: 1627–31

ract). Surv Ophthalmol. 2000;45(suppl 1):S100–S130

traocular lens. Acta Ophthalmol (Oxf). 2008; 86: 533–6

piece acrylic IOL. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009; 35: 1532–9

J Ophthalmol. 2010; 94: 450–5

er effect as a second line of defense. J Cataract Refract Surg.2000; 26: 198–213

1308–14

208 Advances in Eye Surgery

145–150

33:1409–13


[152] Walkow T, Anders N, Pham DT, Wollensak J. Causes of severe decentration and sub‐ luxation of intraocular lenses. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1998; 236: 9–12

[135] Izak AM, Werner L, Pandey SK. Single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens ex‐ planted within the capsular bag: case report with clinicopathological correlation. Cat‐

[136] Weinstein A. Surgical experience with pseudophakic negative dysphotopsia. J Cata‐

[137] Jin Y, Zabriskie N, Olson RJ. Dysphotopsia outcomes analysis of two truncated acryl‐

[138] Sambhu S, Shanmuganathan VA, Charles SJ. The effect of lens design on dysphotop‐

[139] Kinard K, Jarstad A, Olson RJ. Correlation of visual quality with satisfaction and function in a normal cohort of pseudophakic. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013; 39: 590 -7

[140] Holladay JT. Reply: Etiology of negative dysphotopsia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;

[141] Bournas B, Drazinos S, Kanellas D, Arvanitis M, Vaikoussis E. Dysphotopsia after cataract surgery: comparison of four different intraocular lenses. Ophthalmol. 2007;

[143] Stulting D. Consultation section. Cataract surgical problem. J Cataract Refract Surg.

[144] Arnold PN. Photic phenomena after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation of various optic sizes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1994; 20: 446 - 50

[146] Folden DV. Neodymium:YAG laser anterior capsulectomy: surgical option in the management of negative dysphotopsia.J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013; 39: 1110-5

[147] Cooke DL, Kasko S, Platt LO. Resolution of negative dysphotopsia after laser anteri‐

[148] Davison JA. Clinical performance of Alcon SA30AL and SA60AT single-piece acrylic

[150] Tester R, Pace NL, Samore M, Olson RJ. Dysphotopsia in phakic and pseudophakic patients: incidence and relation to intraocular lens type(2). J Cataract Refract Surg.

[151] Hong X, Liu Y, Karakelle M, Masket S, Fram NR. Ray-tracing optical modeling of

ic 6.0-mm intraocular optic lenses. Ophthalmol. 2009; 223: 47- 51

sia in different acrylic IOLs. Eye. 2005; 19: 567-70

[142] Miyoshi T. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006 ; 32 : 912

[145] Tratler WB. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011; 37: 1199

[149] Davison JA. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005; 31: 657

or capsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013; 39: 1107- 9

intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002; 28: 1112- 23

negative dysphotopsia. J Biomed Opt. 2011; 16: 125001

aract Refract Surg. 2004; 30: 1356- 61

ract Refract Surg. 2012; 38: 561

39: 486- e1- 4

210 Advances in Eye Surgery

221: 378 - 83

2005; 31: 651- 60

2000; 26: 810-5

