**Author details**

#### Adeola Orogade

Address all correspondence to: orogade@yahoo.com

Department of Paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika Zaria, Nigeria

## **References**


require TB screening. The duration of hospital admission and stay should be reduced. There should be environmental airflow control to ensure maximal ventilation (natural mechanical ventilation within the ward and the use of outdoor waiting areas for outpatients). MDR TB

Infection control programs should be created with plans for intervention should transmission

Underdiagnoses of MDR TB and XDR TB cases pose significant challenge for TB control. The current available means for tracking and monitoring are inadequate since they are reliant on reported data which are usually incomplete. These data overlook transmission to unrecog‐ nized populations which sustain MDR TB epidemics. There is also a need to make diagnostic tools more available and accessible for cases and contacts and more reference laboratories provided. These laboratories should be monitored to assure they maintain international standards and produce reliable results. Once diagnosis has been made promptly and accu‐ rately, adequate therapy for MDR TB should be instituted. This would require clinical monitoring of cases through collaboration of hospital, community, and ambulatory care services. Control programs should also target health care givers to prevent transmission of MDR TB to them from cases. In essence, routine TB DOTS programs should be strengthened

isolation wards should be created with attention paid to laminar airflow [55].

in collaboration with public–private mix initiatives to enhance MDR TB control.

Department of Paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika Zaria,

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[2] Donald PR, van Helden PD. The global burden of tuberculosis – combating drug re‐

[3] Tuberculosis Fact Sheet, 2012: Published by the US Embassy in Nigeria, retrieved

Address all correspondence to: orogade@yahoo.com

from http://nigeria.usembassy.gov.1-3

be proved.

**7. Conclusions**

12 An Overview of Tropical Diseases

**Author details**

Adeola Orogade

Nigeria

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